Carl Jung; Theories of Personality - 2081 Words

Final Paper - Jung Theories of Personality In this paper I will show some of Jung’s back ground, his theory, and speak of his contribution to the world of psychology. His contribution was a great one, and it was said that many of his theories were more complicated than many of the other psychologists of his time. As I read about him, I began to appreciate his passion for this subject. There were a few reasons that I chose him. First, I think it’s amazing his contribution to figuring out, †personality types.† Second, I find it interesting that he was spiritual, and incorporated some of that spirituality to his theories. He was one of the theorists that took an approach to the†¦show more content†¦Personality Psychology helps an individual to define their human nature, and how that nature is different from other people, but in various similar situations. For example, based on Jung’s theory of personality, an introvert may be shy, compared to an extrovert, when placed in a social setting. Personality Psychology also might help a person to have a strong sense of oneself, may assist them in understanding why they cope certain ways, or react to particular things that happen. A therapist knowing this psychology can also shed light to their clients when helping them to cope with life. According to Jung’s theory, we all have some introversion, and some extroversion, but are primarily one or the other. This is where people are similar. Human beings are like each other because of our ability to have set backs, fears, failure, and have emotions that come from within, when we experience hardship in life. Whether we react in an introverted way (inward thought), versus extroverted (outward thought), is imperative and shows our similarity as well. That we must all go through some form of process mentally, as a coping mechanism, when things happen to us, or around us. Jung’s theory on the Persona, anima, animus, shadow, and the self(Ashford, 2011), can differentiate us as human beings. Upon reading about the Shadow, it reminded me of the darker side of us. The part of people that is mysterious, or thinks badShow MoreRelatedCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesCarl Jung was a Swiss psychologist who was born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland. His father was a minister for a Swiss Reformer Church and his mother was a daughter of a theologian. He had eight maternal uncles and two paternal uncles that were pastors, so he was no stranger to religion growing up. In his later years, he became good friends with Sigmund Freud but had a falling out after they had a disagreement. After this break with Freud, Jung underwent a journey into the unconscious.Read MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of One s Personality898 Words   |  4 PagesWho We Are Everyone in the world grows up asking the same question, who am I? Personality is what defines this answer to this question. Fortunately, there are people like psychiatrist Carl Jung and psychologist Howard Gardner who have given insights and the means of finding out how to answer this age old question. Jung’s theory of one’s personality is based on four coupled traits that can vary 16 different ways. These 8 traits, extroversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feelingRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality And Psychological Types1206 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1920’s, a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung devised a theory. Jung didn’t accept the idea that the behaviors of people were random. Instead, he was a firm believer that the differences between individuals were a result of how people use their brains. Jung claimed that â€Å"what appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities.† (The Myers Briggs Foundation). Jung realized that people typically function in one of twoRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud ( 1856-1939 ) And Carl Jung2919 Words   |  12 PagesExamined are the key elements in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Carl Jung (1875-1961). Prior to Freud, personality psychology did not exist. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory conceptualized personality development in terms of psychosexual stages whereby personality was fixed by middle childhood. Freud explained that mental and physical illnesses were the result of an individual not being aware of the inner conflict which was experienced due to repressed infantile sexualityRead MoreSigmund Freud and Carl Jung1331 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud and Carl Jung Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung begun their relationship in 1906, when Carl Jung sent Freud a copy of his signed published studies, But Jung did not know that Sigmund Freud actually already owned a copy (well-Documented). Jung looked up to Freud and saw him as a father figure (well-Documented). Freud became Jung’s Mentor. In 1909, Freud and Jung toured the United States, and this is were they had a few disagreement on the unconscious mind. Jung thought Freud was negativeRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Approach . And Some Of The Influential987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Influential People Behind It There are different theoretical approaches to psychology; behaviorist, humanistic, psychoanalytic, and biological. I will be discussing the psychoanalytic approach to psychology and some of the pioneers of this theory. What is the psychoanalytic approach? Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that aids an individual in determining the underlying cause of deep rooted psychological troubles when other approaches have not been successful in alleviating thoseRead MoreThe First Layer Of The Unconscious1570 Words   |  7 Pageslayer of Carl Jung was also called the personal unconscious is basically the same as Freud’s kind of the unconscious. The particular unconscious has temporality elapsed information and well as repressed retentions. Jung (1933) outlined an important article of the personal unconscious called complexes. A complex is a collection of opinions, moods, attitudes and memories that focus on a particular idea. The more elements attached to the complex, the greater its effect on the individual. Jung also saidRead MoreComparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples1273 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in theirRead MoreCritique Of Carl Jung s Theory Of The Collective Unconscious1103 Words   |  5 PagesCritique 3- Discussion of Carl Jung Discuss the Analytical Theory of Carl Jung. Do not complete a Theory Template for this theorist. Instead complete the following discussion questions: 1. Explain the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. Ans: Among Jung s numerous hypotheses is the collective unconscious. The collective unconscious has been portrayed as the storage facility of inactive memory follows acquired from the past that incline individuals to respond to the world in specific

Planning And Preparation Of A Great Plan - 1500 Words

Introduction In business as in life there is nothing that is definite. One would have a great plan and the will to accomplish that plan but what if all the planning and preparation came to not because one had forgotten to allow for one thing. Is there anything that one can do to mitigate or eliminate the one thing that one did not see when the plan was laid out? All the best mad plans all the anticipating and scrupulous planning one is bound to miss something that could potentially shot down ones plan. What can one do to protect one’s plans and dreams? The overwhelming answer is insurance (Sundstrom, Gendler, Writers, 1994). One might say that if you planned well enough, that one would not leave anything to chance and would have a†¦show more content†¦This protocol of most business and organizations normally has some way to protect the whole plan from going under because of one thing not being covered at the conception of the entire plan. This protocol most likely includes insurance as the catch all for things that might have been over looked at the initiation of the plans (Sundstrom, Gendler Writers, 1994). There is no single definition of insurance. In the course textbook by (Rejda, 2012), insurance can be defined from the viewpoint of several disciplines, including law, economics, history, actuarial science, risk theory, and sociology. But each possible definition will not be examined at this point. Instead, we will examine the common elements that are typically present in any insurance plan. However, before proceeding, a working definition of insurance one that captures the essential characteristics of a true insurance plan must be established. After careful study, the Commission on Insurance Terminology of the American Risk and Insurance Association has defined insurance as follows. Insurance is the pooling of fortuitous losses by transfer of such risks to insurers, who agree to indemnify insurances for such losses, to provide other pecuniary benefits on their occurrence, or to render services connected with the risk. Case Analysis Our course makes reference to many variations of the definition of insurance. This analysis

What A Pay For Performance Compensation Policy - 1347 Words

Introduction All organizations must remunerate their employees for their time, effort, and contributions to that organization. How an organization chooses to structure their compensation system is a complex process, which requires a significantly more methodical decision-making process than simply picking an arbitrary hourly wage. There are a number of pay models that organizations can utilize to accomplish this objective, ranging from a simple salary and benefits package based on the job content of the position (Milkovich, Newman, Gerhart, 2016, p. 142) to a more complex structure that bases wages on the knowledge and skills an employee brings to a particular position (Milkovich, et al., p. 174). One of the more complex compensation plans is that of pay-for-performance. This paper sets out to define what a pay-for-performance compensation policy is and then will identify how the unique business strategies of an organization will affect how that policy is implemented. What is a Contribution or Pay-For-Performance Compensation Policy Pay-for -Performance is a form of compensation that relates to the contributions of individual employees (Milkovich, et al., p. 22). It is variable pay model that gives financial awards based on merit: an additional payment, within total compensation, an employee receives that is relative to their behavior and/or performance in certain areas (Milkovich, et al., p. 13). Pay-for-performance can take a number of forms, to include a percentageShow MoreRelatedAn Effective Compensation Structure Of Employees Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagestime and resources in developing an effective compensation structure-one that is lawful, aligns with the strategy and objectives of the business itself, is externally competitive and can recruit and retain talented employees. However, not all positions will fall into this meticulously composed pay structure. There are groups of employees who will fall outside of the scale used for everyone else, with compensation packages seemingly at odds with what eve ryone else receives (Milkovich, Newman, GerhartRead MoreBusiness Rio Tinto Group Uk And Human Resource Practices1115 Words   |  5 Pagescountry cultures impact the business Rio Tinto Group UK and human resource practice of the MNE for RIO Tinto Group UK? Cultural Considerations Some of the most important objectives of HRM policy is to attract and keep the best talent and to provide strategies to motivate and improve staff performance. HR Managers are faced with many different cultures and not all cultures have the same intrinsic motivations. RIO Tinto has responded by seeking to embrace workplace diversity in order to achieveRead Moreassignment--1 Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe views of compensation? Answer: There are basically four perspectives in views of compensation. These are as follows: Society’s View: †¢ Pay works as a measure of justice. †¢ Benefits acts as a reflection of justice is society. †¢ Gain or loss jobs attributed to differences in compensation. †¢ Pay increase lead to price increase. Stockholder’s view: †¢ Giving stock as a means of pay to employees creates sense of ownership. †¢ Links between executive pay to company’s performance supposedlyRead MoreThe s Compensation System, A Dual Structured, Job Based Plan1529 Words   |  7 PagesPreviously in Phase I, FastCat’s compensation system was identified as a dual-structured, job-based plan. Job evaluation points were used to measure the values for each of the FastCat jobs. Each job was assigned these evaluation points based on the five compensable factors discussed in Phase I. The assigned points are used to create a fair compensation system and remain internally aligned. FastCat’s goal is to match the market, or pay the average level for similar jobs within the market rate.Read MoreEmployee Compensation and Corporate Culture- What Works1736 Words   |  7 PagesAmir Hejazi Employee Compensation and Corporate Culture: What Works? When determining what method to use to compensate employees, a company must be aware of the impact that different compensation methods can have on employee performance, and on organizational culture. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of employee compensation. Some employees will respond very well to a program that other employees might balk at. Similarly, some companies or industries may flourishRead MoreCompensation1425 Words   |  6 PagesFOR THE COURSE INTERNAL EQUITY (ALIGNMENT) AND EXTERNAL EQUITY (COMPETITIVENESS) After reviewing the Wilson Brothers Case Scenario, as Director of Human Resources for the organization, what conclusions can you draw with respect to the status of the company’s compensation strategies that are currently in place? What would you do to begin to address this situation? (3 Marks) Provide Constructive Feedback to at least two other student’s postings. (2 Marks) HINT:-reference both internal equity (alignment)Read MorePerformance and Management Essay examples1640 Words   |  7 PagesPhase III: Performance and Management A. Policy For Recognizing Employee Contributions The purpose of this report is to use the compensation system we previously developed in Phases I and II to pay people, develop plans that reward performance, add benefits into the mix, and evaluate these results. First we will look at performance-based-pay as a policy for recognizing employee contributions. Performance-based-pay is a pay plan that varies with some measure of individual or organizational performanceRead MoreReflective Summary Of Strategic HRM MHancock Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesto assess the overall performance of The Cellular Store. This performance review is based on the performance management, retention, diversity management, and hiring. This evaluation pays a vital role in employee raises, promotions, and company growth. The objectives established for this year will push the company to higher levels, but still have that hometown feel. These objects address the requirements of The Cellular Store organization, regarding retention, performance improvement, and the implementationRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreExecutive Compensation969 Words   |  4 PagesEXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 1. HOW IS IT DETERMINED? Executive compensation generally consists of a mix of four components: - Annual Base Salary - Annual Incentive or bonus plans tied to short-term performance measures. - Long Term Incentives consisting in a mix of restricted stocks, stocks options and other long-term performance plans tied to shareholder return or financial performance. - Benefits plans. As a rule of thumb, the base salary constitutes 30% of total compensation, the annual incentive

Joyce Carol Oates The Cruelest Sport Summary - 1020 Words

American writer Joyce Carol Oates is an expository writer that provides a successful informative piece about the dangers of boxing. This sport has been shadowed by events that influence athletes to prolong their careers with dangerous intuitions. In â€Å"The Cruelest Sport,† Oates implements exposition, narration, modes, and tone to effectively persuade her audience of the threats boxing impose. First and foremost, Oates exposition in â€Å"The Cruelest Sport† implements direction for how her information is to be presented. Oates explains that, â€Å"It survives as the most primitive and terrifying of contests: two men, near-naked, fight each other in a brightly lit, elevated space roped in like an animal pen† (Oates, 623), which gives her audience an†¦show more content†¦By introducing this quote, Oates audience can reflect on the feeling of how daunting boxing can be and gives the persuasion to her audience of the dangers in boxing. In addition, Oate s introduces the social aspect of how sport has impacted Muhammed Ali, that shows her audience the external aspect of boxing is cruel as well. By providing the anecdote of Ali and his refusal to join the army, her argument becomes stronger, thus showing the shadowed aspect of boxing, â€Å"Man, I ain’t got no quarrel with them Vietcong.† (Ali, 627) Ruth Cullham said it best, â€Å"Knowing what to write goes hand in hand with knowing how to write,† (Cullham, 554) explaining in his article the best way to present the best argument in a narrative and Oates format throughout her piece exemplifies this statement. In turn, Oates conveys her argument with narration throughout the text hence making her argument successful. Moreover, the implementation of having two well-known fighters such as Muhammed Ali and Billy Costello, heavyweight champion and lightweight champions respectively, provided reinforcement in Oates rhetorical modes. The use of pathos in Oates argument was integral and building a foundation on Muhammed Ali’s Parkinson’s disease proved to be effective. â€Å"Predate by a decade the long, grueling, punishing fights of Ali’s later career, whose accumulative

Advances in Technologies that impacted on Policing Free Essays

The police have originated from many years ago coming up with new technology to make the people the serve safe. Police officers made a change to patrol on foot to actual patrol cars. They have made it so nobody has to wait for a call to no were crimes is , they have two way radios always strapped around them. We will write a custom essay sample on Advances in Technologies that impacted on Policing or any similar topic only for you Order Now And they also made it to where as though they have lab tops in every patrol car to look up any information when ever they need to. So the police have came from a lot to be able to increase a way to make there jobs easier. The patrol car has been an excellent use to the police officers with catching suspects. Due to patrol car there are more eyes around the area that we live in, they are able to drive to the crime scene quicker to help someone who may be in serious danger. Without the patrol cars a lot of people would be getting away with all types of crime. Due to the fact that not every cop out there is fit or in shape so people could take the cops on foot and get away because they know the streets so well. That’s another reason why the patrol cars have been a good source to pick up crimes. Two way radios have been a major impact on how the patrol officers know where there any type of disturbance in the area that they are patrolling; due to the two ways radio an operator can specifically call on the patrol unit that is around the area where there is disturbance or were anyone is breaking the law. Without the radios a police officers wouldn’t be able to call for back up whenever they need it or some assistance. They also wouldn’t be able to call in if someone is dying and in need of an ambulance or a fire. One of the most brilliant technologies that the police officers have in the patrol cars is the lab tops. The lab tops are basically another operator for them when patrol officers want to look up information for themselves, they can also write out there police reports on there so that all grammar can the on point. On the lab tops they can also look at anyone’s file to see if they need to be taken when being pulled over or any outside action for example if a cop looks up your profile and if you have a warrant out for your arrest. They can arrest you right there in your presence because the lab tops have that type of information on them. Technology has been a major impact on how crimes have went down in the past years. Due to these three new enforces criminals are off the street on the patrol is on the watch more. If it weren’t for these new gadgets the criminal and civil laws would be broken, and a lot of things going bad. The arrest rate would go down and the criminals in the streets would take over and do as they please. How to cite Advances in Technologies that impacted on Policing, Papers

Retail Industry Commercial Activity

Question: Disacuss about the Retail Industry for Commercial Activity. Answer: Introduction Retailing is an integral part of the commercial activity wherein the customers can buy the products of different merchants from a single place. It is defined as a combination of customer-centric activities where the merchandizers identify the specific needs of the customers and import the products from different parts of the world. Traditionally, the retail outlets evolved from small shops at villages and towns which used to sell food, vegetables and dairy products. These outlets were usually small in their size and cater to the needs of the local customers. These stores typically served as the center for the local economic activities and provided the customers with advices and informed services. However, with the changing times, the face of the retail industry has also changed. At present several multinational retailers have evolved which operates in different parts of the globe (Findlay Sparks, 2002). These organizations sell the consumer goods and services through different distr ibution channel and earn a profit. In the retail industry, the demand is identified and then the retailer efforts to satisfy the demand through supply chain. In the traditional retail distribution model, the companies buy their products from wholesaler and sell it to the customers. Due to the immense profits in the retail industry, several multinational organizations have emerged. At present, retail has become a diverse and complex field. Today, the retail organizations are selling all types of products from automobiles to health care, books, grocery and repair services. The retailing is accomplished in two stages, namely, wholesaler and the retailer (Varley, 2014). The wholesaler works as a middle man between the retailers and the product manufacturers. They buy the goods in large quantity from the producers and stock these goods in warehouses, take orders from the retailer and organize for the product delivery. In this essence, in this paper, the history of the retailing is discus sed along with the historical development of departmental stores and their evolutionary forces and retailing future. Historical development of Department Stores and Discount Stores In the retail industry, the departmental stores refer to the retail outlets where a range of products from different categories are available at a single place. In the 19th century, the departmental stores made their appearance with the increase in the disposable income of the people and the changes in the shopping habits. At the beginning of the 19th century, due to the industrial revolution, several changes were realized in the consumer behavior of the society. As a result of the industrial revolution, the middle-class grew in its size and wealth which developed consumerism culture and consumption fashion. The retail industry developed due to the prosperity of the middle class and increase in transportable mediums. During this time, there was also an increase in the number of women shoppers due to changes in the society structure which boosted the retail business (Trentmann, 2012). Later, various shops emerged in the 18th century to cater to the needs of the idle rich. During this time, the departmental stores were focused on the affluent shoppers who desire to get high quality merchandize from different continents. These departmental stores were very different from their modern counterparts and distinguished from other retail outlets due to the proposition of merchandize from different departments. These retail outlets were focused on exploiting the high disposable income of the middle class and the increase in the living standards of the people due to the industrial revolution. The departmental store owners tried to provide an altogether different shopping experience to the retailers and satisfy all the demands of the consumers (Howard, 2015). The departmental store remained prominent till the 1960s after which the advent shopping malls and discount departmental store diminished its glory. The discount departmental stores focused on providing a different shopping experience to the price sensitive customers. These stores reduced the number of services provid ed and the ambience of the stores to lower the price of the products. With the advent of the discount retailers, the cost containment and the price competition among the retail organizations increased. Moreover, it developed the retail market and the market segments became refined and narrower. The discount retailers sell the products at a lower price than the typical stores. These stores focus on providing products at reduced prices rather than quality of service and presentation. They offer products at a wide price range and low-profit margins. They are focused on tapping the price sensitive customers (Benson Ugolini, 2006). Wheel of retailing and the Retail Life Cycle The Wheel of Retailing theory tries to explain the changes in the marketplace when the innovators such as large businesses try to enter the retail area. The Wheel of retailing theory discusses how the retailers capture the market share and create brand value of the organization. The retailers instigate their operations at the bottom of wheel with low prices and profitability. However, with time expand their operations and associated price, profits and image (Fernie, Fernie Moore, 2015). According to the wheel of retailing, the price-sensitive customers do not remain loyal to the retail organizations. They remain attracted towards the organizations that offer low-cost products. The new retail stores can reduce their operational costs by saving on rent prices and reducing the furnishing expenses. However, with time when these institutions develop overtime, they increase the services offered to the merchandize and offer products at different price range. The existing retailers expand their customer base; however, lose the initial price sensitive customers. The wheel of retailing is used to explain the evolution of the retail business (Zentes, Morschett Schramm-Klein, 2002). Retail life cycle concepts states that the retail organizations are identical to the products and services they sell and pass through different life stages, namely, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This theory gives information regarding the direction and the speed of the change. In the first stage of the retail life cycle, a firm creates some strong changes in the strategy mix of the retail institutions. Therefore, it is also known as the innovation stage. The profits and the sales of the company spikes exponentially. In this phase, the company changes its existing strategies and introduce a new element in it. The retail company identifies advantage or convenience which is significantly different from their retailers. As it is an early stage in the retail life cycle, the number of competitors is low. The management develops the introduction strategy through a series of experiements. However, the risk in this phase is maximum if the new strategy introduced by the company i s not well-recepted by the customers. In this case, the firm may suffer from heavy financial losses. The second stage in the retail life cycle is the stage of the development (Dunne Lusch, 2007). In this stage, few competitors and counterfeit organizations emerge. Since the retail company has operated in the market for a substantial amount of time, it can achieve the position of market leader. In this stage, the profit levels of the company increases along with the investment requirements. The secong phase of the retail cycle appears for five to eights years. The end of this phase is characterized by cost containment pressures. In the maturity phase, the retail organizations make progress; however, the growth rate began to slow. The companies also start realizing the competitive pressures upon them. The direct competition among the companies increases and the retail organizations try to introduce some new element in their strategy to develop its competitive environment. The last st age in the retail life cycle is that of decline wherein the firm observes decline in its sales and profitability. The company looses its competitive advantage and has to identify a new strategy to continue profitability in its operations. The overhead expenditure of the company is high and profits are minimal. The customer perceive the business as old and boring. The companies find it difficult to lure the customers. In the retail industry, the companies survive by adopting new strategies and new element before the customers abandon them (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Mergers, Diversification and Downsizing At the present, the retail is in the phase of rapid transition. The profitability in the retail industry has become challenging due to the increase in the apathy of customers and the increased competition. The consumers have become more aware and restrained in their shopping habits. Along with it, the customers also have options of internet shopping. Today, the consumers search different options on the internet before making a purchase. Therefore, it is important to always remain competitive (Loeb, 2014). The retail organizations which are trying to expand their operations are adopting several strategies to evolve according to the changing market forces. Due to the increase in the competition and consumer attraction towards low-priced products, the retailers are forced to implement cost control and cost containment measures. The companies are reducing the unprofitable items and staff strength to increase the profit margins. Merger and diversification is an effective strategy to maint ain the sales of the organization in a highly competitive or mature environment. In the merger strategy, differently owned firms come together and unite (Thain Bradley, 2014). The mergers can take place between different kinds of retailers, for instance the discount retailers and the departmental stores or the retail stores of the same kind. With the merger strategy, the companies strengthen their resources and increase their productivity and enhance their customer base. The companies also try to overcome each others weaknesses by the resources of their counterparts. With this strategy, the larger retail firms grow more quickly and the smaller firms can ensure their long term survival. The retail organizations perform mergers to sustain the highly volatile environment of the retail industry. Recently, the eyewear firm Luxottica and Esilor, a large eyewear firm announced to merge in a 49 billion US dollar deal. The net market of both the firms is about 121 billion US dollars and the y have planned a share all deal (Retail Touchpoints, 2016). In the retail business, the mergers and acquisition are immensely popular. It is due to the fact that the mergers are considered as a source of innovation in the retail business. In the consumer goods retail industry, the most significant asset is brand. The small organizations get the desired brand recognition, whereas the big companies get the innovative products and strategies which have been difficult to build from scratch (Caldbeck, 2014). Diversification is another strategy wherein the retail firms become active in different businesses to increase the profitability and reduce the dependence of one business and associated risks. Several retail stores have expanded their size through mergers and acquisition. The retailing industry has implemented diversification so to expand their business in diversified fields. For instance, Tesco and Sainsbury have invested in restaurant chains and insurance business (Denton, 2016). Scrambled merchandizing is a part of diversification strategy wherein the company increases the companys sales by introducing products which are entirely different from the firms previous products. It also increases the inter-competition between different drug stores. The scrambled merchandizing has several limitations such as lack of expertise in that field, the increase in cost associated by merchandizing different products, the risk associated with selling low quality products and damage to the potential image of the store. The scrambled merchandizing is an expansion strategy wherein the company tries to achieve a broad customer base and increase in the retail trade area. In the scrambled merchandizing policy adoption, the direct and indirect competitors and their policies are also influential (Michman Mazze, 2001). Although the retail chains are expanding through mergers and diversification policy, several firms have not been successful in these approaches. In the downsizing policies, the companies are becoming unprofitable and to gain economy of scale are selling off or closing the unprofitable stores. The downsizing is an appropriate strategy wherein the retailers overextend themselves and does not have appropriate resources or talent to manage the new outlets. Several times, the companies in their quest to extend their operations, choose poor locations which fail in the long run. Cost containment and Value-Driven Retailing The cost-containment approach is the approach wherein the retail companies try to reduce their initial investment and the operational costs. A number of firms adopt this strategy to reduce their expenditure and increase their profitability. Recently, a large number of retail organizations have used this strategy to combat the competition given by the discounters. Cost containment is also an effective strategy to control the construction and land cost, minimize the impact of economic volatility and increase productivity of the organization. In order to control costs, the retail companies standardize their operations, use economic locations and inexpensive construction material and architectural design. The retail companies pursue cost containment to provide good value to the customers. Here, the value refers to the price, quality, service or the combination of all the three elements. In the retail business, the pricing strategy of the company plays a critical role in the choice of the customers (Berman, 2010). The pricing policy of the discount retailers have motivated the customers to buy products at bargain prices. The customers have realized that they can buy qualitative products at lower prices and the price no longer reflect the quality of the products. In the future, the retailing business is going to become highly competitive and it will become more and more difficult for the companies to survive with the maturity of the market. At present, the companies are striving to obtain the maximum market share by reducing the prices and sustaining at minimal profits. In the upcoming years, the retail organizations will try to find competitive advantages in services and the product quality. Moreover, they will engage in robust marketing strategies to attract the customers (Hammond Berman, 2013). Conclusion Retail business is the act of procuring products from different manufacturers and selling them at a single place. The retail business emerged in the Europe and the USA as a result o the industrial revolution and the growing income of the middle class. The departmental stores were the first form of the rental business and they focused on tapping the rich idle class. On the other hand, the discount retailers emerged in the 1960s and tapped the price sensitive customers. These stores forced the retail outlets to reduce the prices of the products. Analogous to the products offered by the retail companies, the companies themselves have a retail life cycle. The major phases in this life cycle are:introduction, development, maturity and decline. The retail companies expand their busness either through merger or diversification. If he retail outlets are not successful, the companies also conduct downsizing to shut the unsuccessful stores. At present, there is immense competition among the bu siness organiations; therefore, the companies implement cost containment and value offering stratrgies to increase their productivity and reduce the operational costs. It can be concluded that the future of the retailing will be very competitive and the companies will search to create competitive advantage in the product quality and the service provided to increase their market share. References Benson, J., Ugolini, L. (2006). Cultures of Selling: Perspectives on Consumption and Society Since 1700. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Berman, B.R. (2010). Competing in Tough Times: Business Lessons from L.L.Bean, Trader Joe's, Costco, and Other World-Class Retailers. FT Press. Calbeck. (2014). Why Acquisitions Make Sense In Consumer And Retail. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from:https://www.forbes.com/sites/ryancaldbeck/2014/04/09/why-acquisitions-make-sense-in-consumer-and-retail/#bcf6efb7c22b Denton, J. (2016). Tesco plans to take axe to loss-making garden centre, restaurant, bakery and coffee shop businesses in mass shake-up. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-3533673/Tesco-plans-axe-loss-making-garden-centre-restaurant-bakery-coffee-shop-businesses-mass-shake-up.html Dunne, P., Lusch, R. (2007). Retailing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Dunne, P.M., Lusch, R.F., Carver, J.R. (2013). Retailing. Cengage Learning. Fernie, J., Fernie, S., Moore, C. (2015). Principles of Retailing. London: Routledge. Findlay, A.M., Sparks, L. (2002). Retailing: The evolution and development of retailing. Taylor Francis. Hammond, R., Berman, B.R. (2013). Your Success in the Retail Business (Collection). FT Press. Howard, V. (2015). From Main Street to Mall: The Rise and Fall of the American Department Store. University of Pennsylvania Press. Loeb, W. (2014). Unrelenting Competition: The Biggest Retail Story of 2015. Forbes. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2014/12/16/unrelenting-competition-the-retail-story-of-2015/#3df89083ec46 Michman, R.D., Mazze, E.M. (2001). Specialty Retailers: Marketing Triumphs and Blunders. Greenwood Publishing Group. Retail Touch points. (2016). Mergers Acquisitions. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from: https://www.retailtouchpoints.com/features/mergers-and-acquisitions Thain, G., Bradley, J. (2014). FMCG: The Power of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods. First Edition Design Pub. Trentmann, F. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption. OUP Oxford. Varley, R. (2014). 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Dress Codes in Schools Essay Example For Students

Dress Codes in Schools Essay The dress code, an essential tool for preventing people from offending others both intentionally and unintentionally. School, a place of education. Education of necessary subjects for becoming a good citizen. Not education of outfits that show more than they hide. No matter what people say, school is NOT a fashion show. Freedom of Expression, a true right thats true meaning is being demolished. The school must have control over the dress code and enforce it. If the school couldnt control what people wear, just think what there control over the people would be! I intend to tell you why I believe this in more detail. Beer slogans and other offensive and truly inappropriate clothing must not be worn to school. It is argued that people see it enough on TV, in magazines etc, but think about the children! Children arent exposed to much of this and if they are, dont understand it well. Lets keep it this way! Younger kids look up to the older ones and see these inappropriate shirts etc, then copy it! Be a good role model and dress inoffensively. Some things may seem funny to you but offend others. This is absolutely unacceptable. There are many clothes that can be amusing and not offensive. Your actions can affect many. Make sure they affect adequately. School by definition is an institution for teaching children or giving instruction to any subject. It is not an institution for showing off your unmentionables. If a person were to care so much about their clothes, they could drop out of school and join the fashion industry. Fashion and school do not mix though! Outfits that show too much skin can cause distractions from learning and promote sexual behavior. Now who in the world would want to be thinking about sex rather than school? Its ridiculous and uncalled for. Some may argue it is necessary to have two different wardrobes in order to satisfy the dress codes requirements, and have clothes that look good. This is too expensive they argue. Well theres a solution. Buy clothes that look good, AND, meet the dress codes expectations. Its not THAT hard. Clothes that meet the dress code can look good too! Freedom of Expression is being misused. Yes, everyone has the right to express themselves, but wearing inappropriate clothing is not the way to do it. You could use words, pictures, music etc, but dont resort to clothes that dont cover nearly enough or offend others. If you are truly keen on expressing yourself, disobeying the dress code is probably the least powerful and most expensive way to do it. If you want to express yourself, do it right! Hopefully, you can now see better why we need a dress code thats enforced by the school. It helps keep school designed for why it was built, learning. It stops others from offending people both intentionally and unintentionally. It helps maintain Freedom of Expression a right that actually means something. With out the dress code, who knows what schools would become? .