Industry and Market Outlook of Boral Limited †Free Samples

Question: Talk about the Industry and Market Outlook of Boral Limited. Answer: Industry and Market Outlook Boral Limited is one of the significant Australia global organizations engaged with the matter of building and development materials. The organization was set up in the time of 1946 and the headquarter of the organization is at North Sydney, Australia (boral.com.au 2017). In this way, it tends to be seen that Boral Limited works in the structure and development materials. In this specific situation, it should be referenced that this specific industry is turning into a significant industry in Australia because of its monetary commitment towards the Australian economy (cdn.aigroup.com.au 2017). This specific industry is considered as the third biggest industry in Australia that has contributed around 8% towards the Australian (GDP). In Australia, request of the structure and development materials industry is driven by a portion of the central point; they are development of the populace, development in pay, changes in innovation, industry action, purchaser assessment, ware cycle, and pa ce of intrigue, swelling and others. Aside from these, different arrangements presented by the administration influence the monetary commitment of this industry. Mention that a huge upstream and downstream flexibly chain is engaged with the Australian structure and development materials industry. Because of the fall in mining related development and framework speculations, it is normal that the current downturn in this industry will be proceeded. Nonetheless, it is additionally expected that the private constriction exercises will get more grounded in the coming years giving the fundamental lift to this industry (cdn.aigroup.com.au 2017). It very well may be found in the ongoing years that Boral Limited has had the option to enlist great measure of benefit in the ongoing years. In the year 2014, with the assistance to huge assortment of items, Boral Limited enrolled $5.2 billion of deals alongside $294 million of income before intrigue and expense (EBIT). In the budgetary year 2015-16, there was a 9% ascend in the after duty net benefit of the organization that is $268 million. Therefore, from all these budgetary figures, it very well may be seen that Boral Limited has had the option to exploit the great monetary state of tightening materials industry of Australia. Considering the current business pattern of Boral Limited, it has been determined that the organization will have the option to build its income by 58% in the up and coming money related years (abs.gov.au 2017). Here, a reality for concern is the nearness of certain components that has been influencing the allure of ventures of Boral Limited. One such facto r is expansion rate. High expansion has been influencing the Australian economy throughout the years. Because of this swelling rate, financial specialists become less intrigued by the development material segment of Australia. Moreover, the low pace of premium is another impediment for Boral Limited to expand their speculation allure. As the world monetary downturn influences Australian economy, organizations become unfit to offer high pace of premiums on speculations to the financial specialists. A similar perspective is relevant for Boral Limited as the organization can't give high pace of enthusiasm on ventures to their speculators (abix.com.au 2017). References Abix.com.au. (2017).BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY AUSTRALIA ABIX. [online] Available at: https://abix.com.au/tag/building-materials-industry-australia/[Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Abs.gov.au. (2017).8752.0 - Building Activity, Australia, Jun 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/4FB5ACFC0074529ECA2576B00017C434?Opendocument [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. Boral.com.au. (2017).Building Construction Materials Boral. [online] Available at: https://www.boral.com.au/[Accessed 20 Oct. 2017]. cdn.aigroup.com.au. (2017).Australias Construction Material Industry: Profile and Outlook. July 2015. [online] Available at: https://cdn.aigroup.com.au/Economic_Indicators/Construction_Survey/2015/Construction_industry_profile_and_Outlook.pdf [Accessed 20 Oct. 2017].

Techniques of Establishing Character Essay Example for Free

Methods of Establishing Character Essay Starting another business is never a simple errand. Different elements check while beginning another endeavor and much is in question. Anyway the conventions and the troubles likewise rely upon the nation one needs to work together in. Each nation has certain guidelines and guidelines as respects to doing organizations on its property. El Salvador is an open economy in Central America and draws in outside speculators. After Chile El Salvador has become the second most open economy in Latin America. Government is fair and offers a few limited time benefits for the financial specialists. A few components like â€Å". . . CAFTA (Central American Free Trade Agreement), low swelling, nearness to the US commercial center, serious operational expenses, and duty exclusions in organized commerce zones. . . † make the nation an appealing choice for remote speculation (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). Despite the fact that issues like joblessness and pack exercises are annoying yet â€Å". . . manageability and sound CSR (corporate social obligation) arrangements in agribusiness, fabricating, clothing, gadgets, and the advancement of bio-energizes place El Salvador at the bleeding edge of Latin American exchange development† (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). The nation additionally gets help from the United States to handle with the negative issues in the general public (â€Å"Doing Business in El Salvador†, 2007). Adaptable approaches of El Salvador make it a lot simpler for the organizations to work together in the nation. State has unhindered commerce concurrences with various nations like US, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Dominican Republic, Chile, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Taiwan, Colombia, and Central America and numerous different nations. It is an open market for US merchandise with low duties and other exchange limitations. USA is the greatest exchange accomplice of the nation followed by Central America and Mexico. The official money is US dollar. El Salvador has exceptionally less debasement. Then again there are likewise a few impediments for the remote organizations. Legal arrangement of the nation is tedious, lazy and is incomplete undoubtedly. Crime percentage is high and education rate is low prompting joblessness and absence of English capability (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). El Salvador offers critical development in segments like car parts and administration gear, dental hardware, printing and designs and travel and the travel industry. Specialists are the most ideal method of entering the Salvadorian advertise and the grouping of exchange the capital city precludes the requirement for more than one operator. Organizations or people must confirm each understanding and bona fides of accomplices they will be related with. There is no need of a selective regional agreement initially with specialists. The Salvadoran Commercial Code is intended to ensure both the specialists and the organizations in default circumstances. Organizations must counsel nearby legal counselors to take a few to get back some composure of the legitimate arrangement of the nation. A few securities, remunerations and harms must be thought of while going into a concurrence with a specialist or an accomplice (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). The following stage is getting a permit to open an office in the nation. Nearness of a legal advisor in each progression is essential for problem free advancement starting with one stage then onto the next. â€Å"One stop† window of El Salvador’s National Investment Office gives each help to getting a permit to open an office, branch, or organization. â€Å". . . it likewise gives help work related issues, movement, and data about the Free Trade Zone Law regime† (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Various licenses are required that can be recorded as follows: a) Society or Company Registration b) Initial Balance Registration c) 1 st time Establishment Registration d) Income Tax Identification Number (NIT) (Ministry of Finance) e) Value Added Tax Identification Number (IVA) (Ministry of Finance) f) Invoices Correlative Registration (Correlativo de Facturas) (Ministry of Finance) g) First time Employer’s Identification Number (NIP) (Salvadoran Social Security Institute) h) Work Place Registration (Ministry of Labor) (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Every one of these customs can be submitted at the â€Å"Integral Services Window† of the Registry of Commerce Office of the National Registry Center (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). $11,428 is the base capital expected to begin a business. The Commerce Registry additionally needs the names of the companys governing body and authoritative work force. All the bookkeeping records of the organization must be in Spanish and affirmed by a confirmed open bookkeeper. The Commerce Registry gives the permit just when the company’s area subtleties are cleared by the district and it is enrolled in the National Industrial and Commercial Establishments Directory at the General Director of Statistics and Census. Permit is then imprinted in nearby paper. There is a need of further clearances from explicit services for explicit organizations. For example pharmaceuticals organizations must finish all the customs with the Superior Council for Public Health, etc for different parts (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Establishment is another alluring alternative for beginning another business in El Salvador. US cheap food joints are blasting in the nation. Others include: U. S. establishments working in El Salvador incorporate lodgings and vehicle rental, evaluating/bookkeeping, credit reports, portable promoting and media advertising, print shop/one hour photograph labs, excellence/hair salons, wellness focuses, PC learning, kid care/learning focuses, video rental, exterminator administrations, and cleaning (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Direct promoting utilizing selling mediums like portable and web and link administrations is another alternative for building up a business. A joint endeavor of US and Salvadorian organization must be fused and appropriately enlisted in El Salvador (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Subsequent stage is worried about the circulation and selling of the item. Import of items is dealt with by the merchants who can dispatch and use the chance of their previously existing wide systems to showcase any new item in El Salvador. Little retailers get a few items like trade-in vehicles and car parts, apparel, gems, beauty care products and family unit merchandise from US themselves. Organized commerce zones structure significant dispersion communities of the nation. It is critical to showcase an item with as much productivity and care as dedicated in its creation at exactly that point can the item arrive at its purchasers. Utilizing conspicuous papers, announcements and other media can be valuable for presenting another item and correspondence your plan to the end client. Fabulous dispatch at premium inns and among huge characters of the district can acquire another item moment spotlight: As rivalry increments, imaginative deals advancements, for example, challenges, drawings, wagers, and so on. , become increasingly significant. Tests of items are frequently given out at grocery stores and retail chains. Investment in neighborhood displays and sponsorship of nearby occasions and meetings is a typical nearby practice for brand situating. Common spending plan for limited time crusades and publicizing is profoundly valued by nearby shipper/wholesaler, and basic things, for example, the accessibility of pamphlets and other special materials in Spanish are useful for showcasing items (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Legislature of El Salvador controls just the melted propane gas rates, open vehicle rates, and vitality rates. Import obligation and the 13-percent esteem included duty (VAT) is added to the cost of imported items. â€Å"Import duties for capital products are zero percent, crude materials go from zero to 5%, middle of the road merchandise go from 5 to 10%, and completed products are charged a limit of 15%. Materials, rural items, vehicles, and a couple of other insignificant items are charged higher duties that go from 15 to 30%† (â€Å"Doing Business In El Salvador: A Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies†, 2008). Facilitated commerce understandings among US and El Salvador decrease the measure of duties on the US items indeed. No obligation is forced on 80 percent of the American items. Exchange obstructions are additionally insignificant. Anyway a few administrations and experts do confront a few hindrances like designers and public accountants must be nearby as it were. Rice and pork are the two items that purchasers need to purchase locally and their further requests follow an import amount framework and 40 percent obligations. Nations limited by CAFTA-DR don't scrutinize every others clean assessment strategies. If there should arise an occurrence of imports, there is no need of import licenses and a business receipt and bill of filling must be adequate to fill the need. The National Registry Center (CNR) has one-single-import shop where an organization can get import licenses of the accompanying foundations: Customs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Economy (virtual), Ministry of the Environment, and the National Health of Public Council. A few items like arms and ammo sent out from US need a fare permit from th

Deception Point Page 74 Free Essays

â€Å"Smart individuals such as yourself don’t have the advantage of playing moronic, Dr. Harper. You’re in a difficult situation, and the congressperson sent me up here to offer you an arrangement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Double dealing Point Page 74 or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The senator’s crusade endured an immense shot this evening. He’s got nothing left to lose, and he’s prepared to bring you down with him in the event that he needs to.† â€Å"What the fallen angel are you talking about?† Gabrielle took a full breath and made her play. â€Å"You lied in your question and answer session about the PODS inconsistency recognition programming. We realize that. Many individuals realize that. That’s not the issue.† Before Harper could open his mouth to contend, Gabrielle steamed ahead. â€Å"The congressperson could blow the whistle on your untruths at the present time, yet he’s not intrigued. He’s inspired by the greater story. I think you comprehend what I’m talking about.† â€Å"No, I-â€Å" â€Å"Here’s the senator’s offer. He’ll keep his mouth shut about your product lies in the event that you give him the name of the top NASA official with whom you’re stealing funds.† Chris Harper’s eyes appeared to cross for a second. â€Å"What? I’m not embezzling!† â€Å"I recommend you watch what you state, sir. The senatorial board of trustees has been gathering documentation throughout recent months. Did you truly figure both of you would sneak past undetected? Doctoring PODS administrative work and diverting allotted NASA assets to private records? Lying and stealing can place you in prison, Dr. Harper.† â€Å"I did no such thing!† â€Å"You’re saying you didn’t lie about PODS?† â€Å"No, I’m saying I without a doubt didn’t steal money!† â€Å"So, you’re saying you lay about PODS.† Harper gazed, plainly speechless. â€Å"Forget about the lying,† Gabrielle stated, waving it off. â€Å"Senator Sexton isn't keen on the issue of your lying in a question and answer session. We’re used to that. You all found a shooting star, no one cares how you did it. The issue for him is the theft. He needs to bring down somebody high in NASA. Simply disclose to him who you’re working with, and he’ll avoid you completely. You can make it simple and reveal to us who the other individual is, or the congressperson will make it revolting and begin discussing oddity discovery programming and fake work-arounds.† â€Å"You’re feigning. There are no stolen funds.† â€Å"You’re a horrendous liar, Dr. Harper. I’ve seen the documentation. Your name is on all the implicating administrative work. Over and over.† â€Å"I swear I think nothing about any embezzlement!† Gabrielle let out a frustrated moan. â€Å"Put yourself in my position, Dr. Harper. I can just reach two determinations here. Either you’re misleading me, a similar way you lied in that public interview. Or then again you’re coming clean, and somebody incredible in the organization is setting you up as a fall fellow for his own misdealings.† The suggestion appeared to give Harper delay. Gabrielle checked her watch. â€Å"The senator’s bargain is on the table for 60 minutes. You can spare yourself by giving him the name of the NASA executive with whom you’re stealing taxpayers’ cash. He doesn’t care about you. He needs the enormous fish. Clearly the person being referred to has some force here at NASA; the individual has figured out how to keep their personality off the paper trail, permitting you to be the fall guy.† Harper shook his head. â€Å"You’re lying.† â€Å"Would you like to advise that to a court?† â€Å"Sure. I’ll deny the entire thing.† â€Å"Under oath?† Gabrielle snorted in nauseate. â€Å"Suppose you’ll additionally deny you lied about fixing the PODS software?† Gabrielle’s heart was beating as she gazed straight into the man’s eyes. â€Å"Think cautiously about your choices here, Dr. Harper. American jails can be most unpleasant.† Harper glared back, and Gabrielle willed him to overlay. For a second she thought she saw a flicker of give up, however when Harper talked, his voice resembled steel. â€Å"Ms. Ashe,† he announced, outrage stewing in his eyes, â€Å"you are gripping at slight air. You and I both know there is no theft going on at NASA. The main liar in this room is you.† Gabrielle felt her muscles go unbending. The man’s look was irate and sharp. She needed to turn and run. You attempted to feign a scientific genius. What the heck did you anticipate? She constrained herself to hold her head high. â€Å"All I know,† she stated, pretending utter certainty and lack of concern to his position, â€Å"is the implicating records I’ve seen-definitive proof that you and another are stealing NASA reserves. The congressperson just requested that I come here today around evening time and offer you the choice of surrendering your accomplice as opposed to confronting the request alone. I will advise the representative you like to take your risks with an appointed authority. You can mention to the court what you let me know you’re not stealing assets and you didn’t lie about the PODS software.† She gave a dreary grin. â€Å"But after that weak public interview you gave fourteen days back, some way or another I question it. † Gabrielle spun on her heel and walked over the obscured PODS research facility. She thought about whether possibly she’d be seeing within a jail rather than Harper. Gabrielle held her head high as she strolled off, trusting that Harper will get back to her. Quiet. She pushed her way through the metal entryways and walked out into the corridor, trusting the lifts up here were not key-card worked like the hall. She’d lost. Regardless of her earnest attempts, Harper wasn’t gnawing. Perhaps he was coming clean in his PODS question and answer session, Gabrielle thought. An accident reverberated a few doors down as the metal entryways behind her burst open. â€Å"Ms. Ashe,† Harper’s voice got out. â€Å"I swear I think nothing about any misappropriation. I’m a legitimate man!† Gabrielle felt her heart avoid a beat. She constrained herself to continue strolling. She gave an easygoing shrug and brought out behind her. â€Å"And yet you lied in your press conference.† Quietness. Gabrielle continued descending the corridor. â€Å"Hold on!† Harper hollered. He came running up next to her, his face pale. â€Å"This theft thing,† he stated, bringing down his voice. â€Å"I think I realize who set me up.† Gabrielle halted abruptly, thinking about whether she had heard him accurately. She turned as gradually and coolly as she could. â€Å"You anticipate that me should accept somebody is setting you up?† Harper murmured. â€Å"I swear I think nothing about misappropriation. However, on the off chance that there’s proof against me†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Mounds of it.† Harper murmured. â€Å"Then it’s all been planted. To ruin me if need be. Also, there’s just a single individual who might have done that.† â€Å"Who?† Harper looked at her without flinching. â€Å"Lawrence Ekstrom despises me.† Gabrielle was staggered. â€Å"The executive of NASA?† Harper gave a dreary gesture. â€Å"He’s the person who constrained me to lie in that press conference.† 88 Indeed, even with the Aurora aircraft’s clouded methane drive framework at half force, the Delta Force was plunging during that time at multiple times the speed of sound-more than 2,000 miles 60 minutes. The monotonous pulse of the Pulse Detonation Wave Engines behind them gave the ride a sleep inducing beat. A hundred feet beneath, the sea beat uncontrollably, prepared by the Aurora’s vacuum wake, which sucked fifty-foot chicken tails skyward in long equal sheets behind the plane. This is the explanation the SR-71 Blackbird was resigned, Delta-One idea. The Aurora was one of those mystery airplane that no one should know existed, however everybody did. Indeed, even the Discovery station had secured Aurora and its testing out at Groom Lake in Nevada. Regardless of whether the security spills had originated from the rehashed â€Å"skyquakes† heard as distant as Los Angeles, or the appalling onlooker locating by a North Sea oil-rig driller, or the managerial faux pas that left a portrayal of Aurora in an open duplicate of the Pentagon financial plan, no one could ever know. It barely made a difference. The word was out: The U.S. military had a plane equipped for Mach 6 flight, and it was no longer on the planning phase. It was in the skies overhead. The most effective method to refer to Deception Point Page 74, Essay models

Voyages of Self-discovery free essay sample

My life has been to some degree like a mosaic. As a kid, I have been brought up in a glad Taiwan culture (pleased both as far as its Chinese language legacy and custom). However I have a family who enormously values autonomous idea and in this manner presented me to a bunch of situations and assorted societies. I spent most of my basic in Canada where my fantasies and desires came to fruition. The free and unspoiled air there (both in school and in social circumstances) cultivated my hazard taking and curious soul. Much after I had returned to Taiwan, the picture of Canada was planted in my psyche. Despite the fact that I love my nation of origin, growing up there was not what I truly needed. At school, understudies were simply expected to â€Å"follow the directions.† That was not me. I needed to question, to address, and to be suspicious even towards power. Interest is in my temperament. We will compose a custom paper test on Journeys of Self-revelation or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I was unable to support myself. It was then I chose to going to the States with expectations of better seeking after my fantasies and making sense of my life. Here, I have held onto each chance to expand my viewpoints and work to support the bigger network. I traveled to the Amazing Meeting at Las Vegas, a show of a portion of the world’s best science communicators, and talked about the significance of science education in today’s society. I made a trip to the stone banks of Vancouver and worked nearby twelve whale analysts, helping me perceive the delicacy and uncertainty of life on Earth. I went to Secular Humanism social affairs and furnished myself with the weapons of reason against the counter-intuitive and the irrationalâ€ultimately, to shield opportunity of request and examination from religion and strange notion. During these encounters, I had a plenty of chances to investigate my internal identity. I found characteristics that are agreeable with those that I worth and spot in high regard: valuation for magnificence, genuine request, and love for reality. In secondary school, my exploratory excursion proceeded. Conveying a profound will to address, I set out on a philosophical investigation very not at all like those during my youth times. What am I doing here? What am I here for? What is the significance and motivation behind presence? This time, my vehicle was my brain, and my journey was one of self-revelation. My affection for pondering brave inquiries in the long run (or maybe unavoidably) drove my twisting way to entryways of science. Recently blinded by the details of every day life, science opened my eyes and my faculties to the bigger all inclusive reality outside of my own little shell. The logical viewpoint of the universe broke my self-considered vanity in every day life. It uncovered a world a long ways past my most stunning adolescence imaginationsâ€the endlessness of cosmic space, the monstrosity of land time, and the exquisite multifaceted nature and wealth of life on Earth. Consider it! Our minds might be the main articles in the whole universe fit for thinking about its own reality! From my desolate point in universe, an unexpected consciousness of the colossal mystery of the universe occurred to me. It was then T.S. Eliots words floated another significant individual importance, We will not stop investigation, and the finish of all our investigating will be to show up where we began, and know the spot for the first time.† Now and again in my restless evenings, at whatever point existential questions take steps to return and frequent me, I would lie on the grass on my lawn and quietly gaze skywards. I would sit on the edge of the lake as the Milky Way step by step comes into see, reaching out over the sky and gradually asserting the night. The reasonable waters reflect both the sparkling brightness and the enormity of the sky. Endlessness above. Forever underneath. While considering the most profound inquiries of human presence, I would lie there, captivated by Andromeda, Gemini, Orion, and sad with the unheard orchestra of the inestimable concordance. I would liberate my brain and look over the centuries to see mankind dwelling in space, having fabricated a sublime human advancement among the stars. Envision! They will have witnessed creations, thoughts, and universes undreamt of in our current day. Despite the fact that I may not live to observe that momentous second, I breathe easy because of the way that I can possibly contain a little yet significant job in this immortal quest for information and wisdomâ€the exceptionally human undertaking we call science. Throughout the years, I have come to understand that science is itself a journey of self-discoveryâ€although my long lasting quest for who I am and how I fit into the world has reached a conclusion, I have recently started the endless experience of discovering what it really intends to be human. In understanding our general surroundings, we are thusly looking for our place known to man. I am a traveler still. Now and again, Carl Sagans undying words ring in my psyche, The logical endeavor traverses the ages; we recall the individuals who arranged the way, seeing for them moreover. In this manner in my time and my age, I convey an uncommon duty to assist our comprehension of the universe and ourselves. What's more, in doing as such, I will contribute my part and advance another progression on humanitys stepping stool trying to achieve the impossible.

Increasing Awareness of Child Abuse :: Violence Against Children

As of late, kid misuse has become, just because, an issue deserving of a lot consideration. Kid misuse happens all over; it is profoundly implanted and drilled in numerous different societies and topographical areas. Everybody has their own feeling on the importance of kid misuse. To a few, misuse simply is a point that individuals have become fixated on. Numerous individuals accept that misuse is just an extraordinary word for good discipline. These individuals are ignorant concerning the reality of kid misuse. There are a few very negative impacts that spike from kid misuse. These impacts are definitely not beneficial in reference to the advancement of a kid manhandled in any capacity. Numerous guardians, in each culture, use kid maltreatment as a strategy for molding their kids to carry on well. They utilize serious negative support also rebuff their youngsters. These guardians just observe the quick impacts of youngster misuse. Normally, if a youngster is beaten for accomplishing something incorrectly, they will learn not to do it once more. Be that as it may, mishandled kids will in general create numerous issues sometime down the road. At times, manhandled youngsters will abstain from developing near individuals. They feel more happy with attempting to shroud the entirety of their torment and languishing. A methodology like this to building connections can prompt an absence of the genuine feeling of closeness and trust. A youngster will disconnect themselves from others and experience extreme dejection. Manhandled kids are almost certain to menace other kids around, separating themselves from their companions (Judith 117). They now and again fall into the example of become a close acquaintence with individuals who will just double-cross and cause them more agony. Maltreatment to a kid can be a wellspring of excruciating encounters. Youngsters frequently handle these encounters in the incorrect manner. In some cases, these kids attempt to overlook these agonizing emotions, which makes it hard to figure out how to adapt to them. This conduct may lead to disarray and high pressure. Youngsters frequently become lost in the faltering labyrinth of feeling almost no feeling, at that point changing to being overpowered with feeling and not knowing instructions to deal with their sentiments. These kids may turn out to be mentally unfortunate due to their sincerely insecurity (www.childabuse.com). Somebody that was manhandled as a youngster is bound to turn into an injurious parent than somebody else (Judith 221). Along these lines, misuse can carry on from age from age. These families have unfortunate connections. Relatives often do not have the adoration, mindful, and kinship that everybody needs.

Minimalism for Families with Children

Minimalism for Families with Children People frequently ask us how to incorporate minimalism into their lives when they have a family. Many folks seem to think its impossible to simplify if they have other people in their household. But its not. We frequently give this advice: Spend half the money and twice the time with your family. The return on your investment will be exponential. Of course, its easy for a pair of childless thirty-somethings to give advice on implementing minimalism in a family environment. So instead of pretending we know what were talking about, lets turn to some of our good friends who can show how they have integrated minimalism into their family lives. Leo Babauta, a 41-year-old husband and father of six in San Francisco, recently wrote an essay about eliminating the excuses and implementing minimalism as a family: No Excuses: Minimalism with Kids. And, for a deeper dive, Joshua Becker, a 39-year-old who lives in the suburbs with his wife and two kids, recently published a wonderful new book about this very topic: Clutterfree with Kids. We hope you find value in both resources. And stay tuned: we interviewed both menâ€"and dozens of other minimalistsâ€"for our documentary. Additional reading: Minimalist Family: Start with Yourself.

Growth Potential Of Banking In India Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP: The internship program is designed to provide students engaged in field experience with an opportunity to share their insights, to explore the links between studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s academic preparation and field work, and to assist participants in developing and carrying out the major research project which will serve to culminate their internship experience. As a part of the internship experience, it helped me to have a participative and active role in the work assigned. Internship is an integral part of the academic curriculum of VTU MBA. It is an initiative to bridge the gap between knowledge and its applications through a series of interventions it will enable us as a student of VTU MBA program to gain insights and exposure to industry. The research was carried out to analyze the fundamental analysis of LKP Securities. and thereby to evaluate the overall performance of LKP Securities. In the competitive field of Stock. The research helped me to understand the process of identify the high performing stock in the market. And it also helped to analyze and help the company to invest in the high performing stocks. TITLE OF THE STUDY: A study on Fundamental Analysis of Five PSU Banks listed in the stock market in India at LKP Securities. NEED FOR THE STUDY: LKP Securities is into advisory services and broking have huge number of clients investing in banking sector. This fundamental analysis study covers five top PSU Banks listed in the stock market. It helps to analyse the present and future earning capa city of the stocks based on analysis as a whole thereby to determine the Fundamental ratio of the stocks. This analysis required to suggest the clients about the performance of the Banks listed in the stock market. It helps the company and the clients to make a wiser decision on selecting the profitable bank stocks. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: To study the growth potential of banking sector. To analyze the financial position of the Banks. To analyze the factors affecting the growth of the Banks. To find the fundamental ratio of the Banks. To suggest the high performing bank out of the five. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: RESEARCH DESIGN: Type of Research: The proposed research is purely explanatory. The Proposed research is explanatory because it explains the evolution of high performing stocks in India- its benefits, limitations, disadvantages and the various tools for trading. Exploratory research helps determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. It should draw definitive conclusions only with extreme caution. Given its fundamental nature. Methodology: The study has been conducted with the assistance from the data collected through different sources. This research methodology requires gathering relevant data from the specified documents and compiling databases in order to analyze the material and arrive at a more complete understanding. Data Collection: Secondary Data Collection Method: collected the informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s of Financial details like Balance Sheet, Company Profit and Loss account and Current trading price from Annual reports, NSE website and money control website. STATISTICAL TOOLS USED: The statistical tool used here is Fundamental Analysis: Fundamental analysis ratioà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s LITERATURE REVIEW: Literature review is a study involving a collection of literature in the selected area of research in which the researcher has limited experience, and critical examination and comparison of them to have a better understanding. It also helps the researchers to update the past data, data sources and results and identify the gaps, if any in the researchers. Thus, the reviews in the present study consist of the ones discussed below and they reveal that there are very scant studies in India emphasizing on the fundamental analysis of the banking sector. Mark P. Bauman (1996) conducted a study named, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Review of Fundamental Analysis Research in Accountingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This paper has outlined the development of different accounting valuation model and reviewed related empirical work. This paper identified three major issues associated with practical implementation of the model; the prediction of future profitability, the length of appropriate forecast horizon, and the determination of the appropriate discount rate. Rukmani Viswanath 54 (2001) reported that the Primary Dealers in Govt. securities are working on a new internal risk management model suited for the Indian market conditions. The attempt is to lay down general parameters for risk perception. The Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) is formulating a set of prudential norms for risk management practices. While internationally the principles of risk management may be the same everywhere, the Association is of the view that they have to identify the relevant issues and apply those principles in the Indian context. It strongly argues that it must work on a model that can help to manage liquidity and interest rate risk. While the existing RBI guidelines on risk management cover mainly statutory risk, the PDAI hopes that its new risk management model will be able to perceive real risk. These new norms are expected to help gauge several issues like, whether a fall in the prices of securities or yields is a temporary or permanent situation etc. The areas the new norms are likely to address are the assessment of the liquidity situation and envisaging investor appetite for a specific instrument and their appetite for risk. According to the govt. securities dealers, these norms are expected to help them hedge their risks better. The primary dealers are looking forward to these norms to help them manage their internal risks. Prakash Tiwari Hemraj Verma (2009) conducted a study on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Fundamental Analysis of Public sector Banks in Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This article explains the position of the banks with reference to various ratios. Pramod Gupta, in his article titled, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Indian banks going Innovativeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , published in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Professional Bankerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Oct. 2003, reviewed that both public and private banks are spending large amounts of money on technology to provide innovative p roducts and services to their customers with more convenience and satisfaction. Technology is reducing the cost of transaction and helping to increase customer base and enable wider reach. Singla (2008) studied the financial performance of banks in India in view of increasing globalization and increased competition in the banking industry. He concluded that the financial position of banks is reasonable, debt equity ratio is maintained at an adequate level and NPAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also witnessed a decline during the study period. Hirshleifer (Journal of Finance, 2001) provides a survey of research on investor psychology and asset pricing. He broadly covers 543 papers published up to the year 2001. Many à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“behavioral financeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  papers began to be published around this time and 110 of the papers covered in his survey were either published or distributed in the years 2000 and 2001. Understandably, the vast majority of the papers in this survey are drawn from finance, economics and psychology journals. Fewer than 10 papers in the survey are from accounting journals. Fundamental analysis and other accounting-related topics with possible behavioral foundations are not highlighted in this survey. Schwert (Handbook of the Economics of Finance, 2003) surveys the finance literature on anomalies and market efficiency. He covers 107 papers published in finance and economics journals between 1933-2003, including 23 papers that were 5 published or distributed between 2000 and 2003. No accounting papers are included in the survey. In the same handbook, Barberis and Thaler (2003) survey the behavioral finance literature. They cover 204 papers between 1933-2003, including 66 papers published between 2000 and 2004. They only mention one paper published in an accounting journal (Bernard and Thomas, 1989). Subrahmanyam (European Financial Management, 2007) provides a review and synthesis of the behavioral finance literature. He reviews 155 pa pers published between the years 1979 and 2007, with the majority of the papers published in the year 2000 or later. The vast majority of the surveyed papers come from finance journals and only one cited working paper was eventually published in an accounting journal. Finally, Byrne and Brooks (Research Foundation of CFA Institute Monograph, 2008) provide a practitioner-focused survey of the current state of the art theories and evidence in behavioral finance. They review 79 papers published between the years 1979 and 2008, with the majority of the papers published in the year 2000 or later. They include 33 papers published in the Journal of Finance and 7 papers published in either the Journal of Financial Economics or the Review of Financial Studies. Only 1 reviewed paper come from an accounting journal (Journal of Accounting and Economics). Jack Clark Francis2 (1986) revealed the importance of the rate of return in investments and reviewed the possibility of default and bank ruptcy risk. He opined that in an uncertain world, investors cannot predict exactly what rate of return an investment will yield. However he suggested that the investors can formulate a probability distribution of the possible rates of return. He also opined that an investor who purchases corporate securities must face the possibility of default and bankruptcy by the issuer. Financial analysts can foresee bankruptcy. He disclosed some easily observable warnings of a firms failure, which could be noticed by the investors to avoid such a risk. Preethi Singh (1986) disclosed the basic rules for selecting the company to invest in. She opined that understanding and measuring return md risk is fundamental to the investment process. According to her, most investors are risk averse. To have a higher return the investor has to face greater risks. She concludes that risk is fundamental to the process of investment. Every investor should have an understanding of the various pitfalls of inve stments. The investor should carefully analyse the financial statements with special reference to solvency, profitability, EPS, and efficiency of the company. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: The major limitation was that the study was purely reliable on the information that was publicly available. But, there are many other reasons for the fluctuations in the financials of the companies that are not made publicly available. Thus, the study lacks such other information. Facts and figures for presenting data are bound to fluctuate depending on the economy and market conditions. The predicted values may be only for the current period this prediction wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be appropriate for the future. Due to time constrain study is conducted only on five PSU banks.

Carl Jung; Theories of Personality - 2081 Words

Final Paper - Jung Theories of Personality In this paper I will show some of Jung’s back ground, his theory, and speak of his contribution to the world of psychology. His contribution was a great one, and it was said that many of his theories were more complicated than many of the other psychologists of his time. As I read about him, I began to appreciate his passion for this subject. There were a few reasons that I chose him. First, I think it’s amazing his contribution to figuring out, †personality types.† Second, I find it interesting that he was spiritual, and incorporated some of that spirituality to his theories. He was one of the theorists that took an approach to the†¦show more content†¦Personality Psychology helps an individual to define their human nature, and how that nature is different from other people, but in various similar situations. For example, based on Jung’s theory of personality, an introvert may be shy, compared to an extrovert, when placed in a social setting. Personality Psychology also might help a person to have a strong sense of oneself, may assist them in understanding why they cope certain ways, or react to particular things that happen. A therapist knowing this psychology can also shed light to their clients when helping them to cope with life. According to Jung’s theory, we all have some introversion, and some extroversion, but are primarily one or the other. This is where people are similar. Human beings are like each other because of our ability to have set backs, fears, failure, and have emotions that come from within, when we experience hardship in life. Whether we react in an introverted way (inward thought), versus extroverted (outward thought), is imperative and shows our similarity as well. That we must all go through some form of process mentally, as a coping mechanism, when things happen to us, or around us. Jung’s theory on the Persona, anima, animus, shadow, and the self(Ashford, 2011), can differentiate us as human beings. Upon reading about the Shadow, it reminded me of the darker side of us. The part of people that is mysterious, or thinks badShow MoreRelatedCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesCarl Jung was a Swiss psychologist who was born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland. His father was a minister for a Swiss Reformer Church and his mother was a daughter of a theologian. He had eight maternal uncles and two paternal uncles that were pastors, so he was no stranger to religion growing up. In his later years, he became good friends with Sigmund Freud but had a falling out after they had a disagreement. After this break with Freud, Jung underwent a journey into the unconscious.Read MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of One s Personality898 Words   |  4 PagesWho We Are Everyone in the world grows up asking the same question, who am I? Personality is what defines this answer to this question. Fortunately, there are people like psychiatrist Carl Jung and psychologist Howard Gardner who have given insights and the means of finding out how to answer this age old question. Jung’s theory of one’s personality is based on four coupled traits that can vary 16 different ways. These 8 traits, extroversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feelingRead MoreCarl Jung s Theory Of Personality And Psychological Types1206 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1920’s, a Swiss psychologist named Carl Jung devised a theory. Jung didn’t accept the idea that the behaviors of people were random. Instead, he was a firm believer that the differences between individuals were a result of how people use their brains. Jung claimed that â€Å"what appears to be random behavior is actually the result of differences in the way people prefer to use their mental capacities.† (The Myers Briggs Foundation). Jung realized that people typically function in one of twoRead MoreThe Personality Theories Of Sigmund Freud ( 1856-1939 ) And Carl Jung2919 Words   |  12 PagesExamined are the key elements in the personality theories of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Carl Jung (1875-1961). Prior to Freud, personality psychology did not exist. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory conceptualized personality development in terms of psychosexual stages whereby personality was fixed by middle childhood. Freud explained that mental and physical illnesses were the result of an individual not being aware of the inner conflict which was experienced due to repressed infantile sexualityRead MoreSigmund Freud and Carl Jung1331 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud and Carl Jung Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung begun their relationship in 1906, when Carl Jung sent Freud a copy of his signed published studies, But Jung did not know that Sigmund Freud actually already owned a copy (well-Documented). Jung looked up to Freud and saw him as a father figure (well-Documented). Freud became Jung’s Mentor. In 1909, Freud and Jung toured the United States, and this is were they had a few disagreement on the unconscious mind. Jung thought Freud was negativeRead MoreCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud1412 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousnessRead MoreThe Psychoanalytic Approach . And Some Of The Influential987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Influential People Behind It There are different theoretical approaches to psychology; behaviorist, humanistic, psychoanalytic, and biological. I will be discussing the psychoanalytic approach to psychology and some of the pioneers of this theory. What is the psychoanalytic approach? Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that aids an individual in determining the underlying cause of deep rooted psychological troubles when other approaches have not been successful in alleviating thoseRead MoreThe First Layer Of The Unconscious1570 Words   |  7 Pageslayer of Carl Jung was also called the personal unconscious is basically the same as Freud’s kind of the unconscious. The particular unconscious has temporality elapsed information and well as repressed retentions. Jung (1933) outlined an important article of the personal unconscious called complexes. A complex is a collection of opinions, moods, attitudes and memories that focus on a particular idea. The more elements attached to the complex, the greater its effect on the individual. Jung also saidRead MoreComparison of Theories on Personality Essay examples1273 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Theories on Personality Abstract This paper is a comparison of three different viewpoints on the subject of personality. Carl Jung, B.F. Skinner, and Carl Rogers all had very different outlooks on what defined someone’s personality. As an added feature I have included myself as a theorist because my views are also different from the previous mentioned theorists. This paper will also look briefly into the background of each theorist because their views on life began in theirRead MoreCritique Of Carl Jung s Theory Of The Collective Unconscious1103 Words   |  5 PagesCritique 3- Discussion of Carl Jung Discuss the Analytical Theory of Carl Jung. Do not complete a Theory Template for this theorist. Instead complete the following discussion questions: 1. Explain the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. Ans: Among Jung s numerous hypotheses is the collective unconscious. The collective unconscious has been portrayed as the storage facility of inactive memory follows acquired from the past that incline individuals to respond to the world in specific

Planning And Preparation Of A Great Plan - 1500 Words

Introduction In business as in life there is nothing that is definite. One would have a great plan and the will to accomplish that plan but what if all the planning and preparation came to not because one had forgotten to allow for one thing. Is there anything that one can do to mitigate or eliminate the one thing that one did not see when the plan was laid out? All the best mad plans all the anticipating and scrupulous planning one is bound to miss something that could potentially shot down ones plan. What can one do to protect one’s plans and dreams? The overwhelming answer is insurance (Sundstrom, Gendler, Writers, 1994). One might say that if you planned well enough, that one would not leave anything to chance and would have a†¦show more content†¦This protocol of most business and organizations normally has some way to protect the whole plan from going under because of one thing not being covered at the conception of the entire plan. This protocol most likely includes insurance as the catch all for things that might have been over looked at the initiation of the plans (Sundstrom, Gendler Writers, 1994). There is no single definition of insurance. In the course textbook by (Rejda, 2012), insurance can be defined from the viewpoint of several disciplines, including law, economics, history, actuarial science, risk theory, and sociology. But each possible definition will not be examined at this point. Instead, we will examine the common elements that are typically present in any insurance plan. However, before proceeding, a working definition of insurance one that captures the essential characteristics of a true insurance plan must be established. After careful study, the Commission on Insurance Terminology of the American Risk and Insurance Association has defined insurance as follows. Insurance is the pooling of fortuitous losses by transfer of such risks to insurers, who agree to indemnify insurances for such losses, to provide other pecuniary benefits on their occurrence, or to render services connected with the risk. Case Analysis Our course makes reference to many variations of the definition of insurance. This analysis

What A Pay For Performance Compensation Policy - 1347 Words

Introduction All organizations must remunerate their employees for their time, effort, and contributions to that organization. How an organization chooses to structure their compensation system is a complex process, which requires a significantly more methodical decision-making process than simply picking an arbitrary hourly wage. There are a number of pay models that organizations can utilize to accomplish this objective, ranging from a simple salary and benefits package based on the job content of the position (Milkovich, Newman, Gerhart, 2016, p. 142) to a more complex structure that bases wages on the knowledge and skills an employee brings to a particular position (Milkovich, et al., p. 174). One of the more complex compensation plans is that of pay-for-performance. This paper sets out to define what a pay-for-performance compensation policy is and then will identify how the unique business strategies of an organization will affect how that policy is implemented. What is a Contribution or Pay-For-Performance Compensation Policy Pay-for -Performance is a form of compensation that relates to the contributions of individual employees (Milkovich, et al., p. 22). It is variable pay model that gives financial awards based on merit: an additional payment, within total compensation, an employee receives that is relative to their behavior and/or performance in certain areas (Milkovich, et al., p. 13). Pay-for-performance can take a number of forms, to include a percentageShow MoreRelatedAn Effective Compensation Structure Of Employees Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagestime and resources in developing an effective compensation structure-one that is lawful, aligns with the strategy and objectives of the business itself, is externally competitive and can recruit and retain talented employees. However, not all positions will fall into this meticulously composed pay structure. There are groups of employees who will fall outside of the scale used for everyone else, with compensation packages seemingly at odds with what eve ryone else receives (Milkovich, Newman, GerhartRead MoreBusiness Rio Tinto Group Uk And Human Resource Practices1115 Words   |  5 Pagescountry cultures impact the business Rio Tinto Group UK and human resource practice of the MNE for RIO Tinto Group UK? Cultural Considerations Some of the most important objectives of HRM policy is to attract and keep the best talent and to provide strategies to motivate and improve staff performance. HR Managers are faced with many different cultures and not all cultures have the same intrinsic motivations. RIO Tinto has responded by seeking to embrace workplace diversity in order to achieveRead Moreassignment--1 Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthe views of compensation? Answer: There are basically four perspectives in views of compensation. These are as follows: Society’s View: †¢ Pay works as a measure of justice. †¢ Benefits acts as a reflection of justice is society. †¢ Gain or loss jobs attributed to differences in compensation. †¢ Pay increase lead to price increase. Stockholder’s view: †¢ Giving stock as a means of pay to employees creates sense of ownership. †¢ Links between executive pay to company’s performance supposedlyRead MoreThe s Compensation System, A Dual Structured, Job Based Plan1529 Words   |  7 PagesPreviously in Phase I, FastCat’s compensation system was identified as a dual-structured, job-based plan. Job evaluation points were used to measure the values for each of the FastCat jobs. Each job was assigned these evaluation points based on the five compensable factors discussed in Phase I. The assigned points are used to create a fair compensation system and remain internally aligned. FastCat’s goal is to match the market, or pay the average level for similar jobs within the market rate.Read MoreEmployee Compensation and Corporate Culture- What Works1736 Words   |  7 PagesAmir Hejazi Employee Compensation and Corporate Culture: What Works? When determining what method to use to compensate employees, a company must be aware of the impact that different compensation methods can have on employee performance, and on organizational culture. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of employee compensation. Some employees will respond very well to a program that other employees might balk at. Similarly, some companies or industries may flourishRead MoreCompensation1425 Words   |  6 PagesFOR THE COURSE INTERNAL EQUITY (ALIGNMENT) AND EXTERNAL EQUITY (COMPETITIVENESS) After reviewing the Wilson Brothers Case Scenario, as Director of Human Resources for the organization, what conclusions can you draw with respect to the status of the company’s compensation strategies that are currently in place? What would you do to begin to address this situation? (3 Marks) Provide Constructive Feedback to at least two other student’s postings. (2 Marks) HINT:-reference both internal equity (alignment)Read MorePerformance and Management Essay examples1640 Words   |  7 PagesPhase III: Performance and Management A. Policy For Recognizing Employee Contributions The purpose of this report is to use the compensation system we previously developed in Phases I and II to pay people, develop plans that reward performance, add benefits into the mix, and evaluate these results. First we will look at performance-based-pay as a policy for recognizing employee contributions. Performance-based-pay is a pay plan that varies with some measure of individual or organizational performanceRead MoreReflective Summary Of Strategic HRM MHancock Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesto assess the overall performance of The Cellular Store. This performance review is based on the performance management, retention, diversity management, and hiring. This evaluation pays a vital role in employee raises, promotions, and company growth. The objectives established for this year will push the company to higher levels, but still have that hometown feel. These objects address the requirements of The Cellular Store organization, regarding retention, performance improvement, and the implementationRead MoreConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits1442 Words   |  6 PagesConsiderations for Compensation and Benefits Abstract Compensation is one of the most important considerations perspective employees will make prior to accepting a job offer. For this reason, another performance of Human Resource (HR) professionals is the compensation analysis. The focus of the analyst in this position is to use strategy in formulating compensation and benefits packages that are attractive and conducive to maintaining talented employees (Editorial Board, 2011). As another criticalRead MoreExecutive Compensation969 Words   |  4 PagesEXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 1. HOW IS IT DETERMINED? Executive compensation generally consists of a mix of four components: - Annual Base Salary - Annual Incentive or bonus plans tied to short-term performance measures. - Long Term Incentives consisting in a mix of restricted stocks, stocks options and other long-term performance plans tied to shareholder return or financial performance. - Benefits plans. As a rule of thumb, the base salary constitutes 30% of total compensation, the annual incentive

Joyce Carol Oates The Cruelest Sport Summary - 1020 Words

American writer Joyce Carol Oates is an expository writer that provides a successful informative piece about the dangers of boxing. This sport has been shadowed by events that influence athletes to prolong their careers with dangerous intuitions. In â€Å"The Cruelest Sport,† Oates implements exposition, narration, modes, and tone to effectively persuade her audience of the threats boxing impose. First and foremost, Oates exposition in â€Å"The Cruelest Sport† implements direction for how her information is to be presented. Oates explains that, â€Å"It survives as the most primitive and terrifying of contests: two men, near-naked, fight each other in a brightly lit, elevated space roped in like an animal pen† (Oates, 623), which gives her audience an†¦show more content†¦By introducing this quote, Oates audience can reflect on the feeling of how daunting boxing can be and gives the persuasion to her audience of the dangers in boxing. In addition, Oate s introduces the social aspect of how sport has impacted Muhammed Ali, that shows her audience the external aspect of boxing is cruel as well. By providing the anecdote of Ali and his refusal to join the army, her argument becomes stronger, thus showing the shadowed aspect of boxing, â€Å"Man, I ain’t got no quarrel with them Vietcong.† (Ali, 627) Ruth Cullham said it best, â€Å"Knowing what to write goes hand in hand with knowing how to write,† (Cullham, 554) explaining in his article the best way to present the best argument in a narrative and Oates format throughout her piece exemplifies this statement. In turn, Oates conveys her argument with narration throughout the text hence making her argument successful. Moreover, the implementation of having two well-known fighters such as Muhammed Ali and Billy Costello, heavyweight champion and lightweight champions respectively, provided reinforcement in Oates rhetorical modes. The use of pathos in Oates argument was integral and building a foundation on Muhammed Ali’s Parkinson’s disease proved to be effective. â€Å"Predate by a decade the long, grueling, punishing fights of Ali’s later career, whose accumulative

Advances in Technologies that impacted on Policing Free Essays

The police have originated from many years ago coming up with new technology to make the people the serve safe. Police officers made a change to patrol on foot to actual patrol cars. They have made it so nobody has to wait for a call to no were crimes is , they have two way radios always strapped around them. We will write a custom essay sample on Advances in Technologies that impacted on Policing or any similar topic only for you Order Now And they also made it to where as though they have lab tops in every patrol car to look up any information when ever they need to. So the police have came from a lot to be able to increase a way to make there jobs easier. The patrol car has been an excellent use to the police officers with catching suspects. Due to patrol car there are more eyes around the area that we live in, they are able to drive to the crime scene quicker to help someone who may be in serious danger. Without the patrol cars a lot of people would be getting away with all types of crime. Due to the fact that not every cop out there is fit or in shape so people could take the cops on foot and get away because they know the streets so well. That’s another reason why the patrol cars have been a good source to pick up crimes. Two way radios have been a major impact on how the patrol officers know where there any type of disturbance in the area that they are patrolling; due to the two ways radio an operator can specifically call on the patrol unit that is around the area where there is disturbance or were anyone is breaking the law. Without the radios a police officers wouldn’t be able to call for back up whenever they need it or some assistance. They also wouldn’t be able to call in if someone is dying and in need of an ambulance or a fire. One of the most brilliant technologies that the police officers have in the patrol cars is the lab tops. The lab tops are basically another operator for them when patrol officers want to look up information for themselves, they can also write out there police reports on there so that all grammar can the on point. On the lab tops they can also look at anyone’s file to see if they need to be taken when being pulled over or any outside action for example if a cop looks up your profile and if you have a warrant out for your arrest. They can arrest you right there in your presence because the lab tops have that type of information on them. Technology has been a major impact on how crimes have went down in the past years. Due to these three new enforces criminals are off the street on the patrol is on the watch more. If it weren’t for these new gadgets the criminal and civil laws would be broken, and a lot of things going bad. The arrest rate would go down and the criminals in the streets would take over and do as they please. How to cite Advances in Technologies that impacted on Policing, Papers

Retail Industry Commercial Activity

Question: Disacuss about the Retail Industry for Commercial Activity. Answer: Introduction Retailing is an integral part of the commercial activity wherein the customers can buy the products of different merchants from a single place. It is defined as a combination of customer-centric activities where the merchandizers identify the specific needs of the customers and import the products from different parts of the world. Traditionally, the retail outlets evolved from small shops at villages and towns which used to sell food, vegetables and dairy products. These outlets were usually small in their size and cater to the needs of the local customers. These stores typically served as the center for the local economic activities and provided the customers with advices and informed services. However, with the changing times, the face of the retail industry has also changed. At present several multinational retailers have evolved which operates in different parts of the globe (Findlay Sparks, 2002). These organizations sell the consumer goods and services through different distr ibution channel and earn a profit. In the retail industry, the demand is identified and then the retailer efforts to satisfy the demand through supply chain. In the traditional retail distribution model, the companies buy their products from wholesaler and sell it to the customers. Due to the immense profits in the retail industry, several multinational organizations have emerged. At present, retail has become a diverse and complex field. Today, the retail organizations are selling all types of products from automobiles to health care, books, grocery and repair services. The retailing is accomplished in two stages, namely, wholesaler and the retailer (Varley, 2014). The wholesaler works as a middle man between the retailers and the product manufacturers. They buy the goods in large quantity from the producers and stock these goods in warehouses, take orders from the retailer and organize for the product delivery. In this essence, in this paper, the history of the retailing is discus sed along with the historical development of departmental stores and their evolutionary forces and retailing future. Historical development of Department Stores and Discount Stores In the retail industry, the departmental stores refer to the retail outlets where a range of products from different categories are available at a single place. In the 19th century, the departmental stores made their appearance with the increase in the disposable income of the people and the changes in the shopping habits. At the beginning of the 19th century, due to the industrial revolution, several changes were realized in the consumer behavior of the society. As a result of the industrial revolution, the middle-class grew in its size and wealth which developed consumerism culture and consumption fashion. The retail industry developed due to the prosperity of the middle class and increase in transportable mediums. During this time, there was also an increase in the number of women shoppers due to changes in the society structure which boosted the retail business (Trentmann, 2012). Later, various shops emerged in the 18th century to cater to the needs of the idle rich. During this time, the departmental stores were focused on the affluent shoppers who desire to get high quality merchandize from different continents. These departmental stores were very different from their modern counterparts and distinguished from other retail outlets due to the proposition of merchandize from different departments. These retail outlets were focused on exploiting the high disposable income of the middle class and the increase in the living standards of the people due to the industrial revolution. The departmental store owners tried to provide an altogether different shopping experience to the retailers and satisfy all the demands of the consumers (Howard, 2015). The departmental store remained prominent till the 1960s after which the advent shopping malls and discount departmental store diminished its glory. The discount departmental stores focused on providing a different shopping experience to the price sensitive customers. These stores reduced the number of services provid ed and the ambience of the stores to lower the price of the products. With the advent of the discount retailers, the cost containment and the price competition among the retail organizations increased. Moreover, it developed the retail market and the market segments became refined and narrower. The discount retailers sell the products at a lower price than the typical stores. These stores focus on providing products at reduced prices rather than quality of service and presentation. They offer products at a wide price range and low-profit margins. They are focused on tapping the price sensitive customers (Benson Ugolini, 2006). Wheel of retailing and the Retail Life Cycle The Wheel of Retailing theory tries to explain the changes in the marketplace when the innovators such as large businesses try to enter the retail area. The Wheel of retailing theory discusses how the retailers capture the market share and create brand value of the organization. The retailers instigate their operations at the bottom of wheel with low prices and profitability. However, with time expand their operations and associated price, profits and image (Fernie, Fernie Moore, 2015). According to the wheel of retailing, the price-sensitive customers do not remain loyal to the retail organizations. They remain attracted towards the organizations that offer low-cost products. The new retail stores can reduce their operational costs by saving on rent prices and reducing the furnishing expenses. However, with time when these institutions develop overtime, they increase the services offered to the merchandize and offer products at different price range. The existing retailers expand their customer base; however, lose the initial price sensitive customers. The wheel of retailing is used to explain the evolution of the retail business (Zentes, Morschett Schramm-Klein, 2002). Retail life cycle concepts states that the retail organizations are identical to the products and services they sell and pass through different life stages, namely, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This theory gives information regarding the direction and the speed of the change. In the first stage of the retail life cycle, a firm creates some strong changes in the strategy mix of the retail institutions. Therefore, it is also known as the innovation stage. The profits and the sales of the company spikes exponentially. In this phase, the company changes its existing strategies and introduce a new element in it. The retail company identifies advantage or convenience which is significantly different from their retailers. As it is an early stage in the retail life cycle, the number of competitors is low. The management develops the introduction strategy through a series of experiements. However, the risk in this phase is maximum if the new strategy introduced by the company i s not well-recepted by the customers. In this case, the firm may suffer from heavy financial losses. The second stage in the retail life cycle is the stage of the development (Dunne Lusch, 2007). In this stage, few competitors and counterfeit organizations emerge. Since the retail company has operated in the market for a substantial amount of time, it can achieve the position of market leader. In this stage, the profit levels of the company increases along with the investment requirements. The secong phase of the retail cycle appears for five to eights years. The end of this phase is characterized by cost containment pressures. In the maturity phase, the retail organizations make progress; however, the growth rate began to slow. The companies also start realizing the competitive pressures upon them. The direct competition among the companies increases and the retail organizations try to introduce some new element in their strategy to develop its competitive environment. The last st age in the retail life cycle is that of decline wherein the firm observes decline in its sales and profitability. The company looses its competitive advantage and has to identify a new strategy to continue profitability in its operations. The overhead expenditure of the company is high and profits are minimal. The customer perceive the business as old and boring. The companies find it difficult to lure the customers. In the retail industry, the companies survive by adopting new strategies and new element before the customers abandon them (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Mergers, Diversification and Downsizing At the present, the retail is in the phase of rapid transition. The profitability in the retail industry has become challenging due to the increase in the apathy of customers and the increased competition. The consumers have become more aware and restrained in their shopping habits. Along with it, the customers also have options of internet shopping. Today, the consumers search different options on the internet before making a purchase. Therefore, it is important to always remain competitive (Loeb, 2014). The retail organizations which are trying to expand their operations are adopting several strategies to evolve according to the changing market forces. Due to the increase in the competition and consumer attraction towards low-priced products, the retailers are forced to implement cost control and cost containment measures. The companies are reducing the unprofitable items and staff strength to increase the profit margins. Merger and diversification is an effective strategy to maint ain the sales of the organization in a highly competitive or mature environment. In the merger strategy, differently owned firms come together and unite (Thain Bradley, 2014). The mergers can take place between different kinds of retailers, for instance the discount retailers and the departmental stores or the retail stores of the same kind. With the merger strategy, the companies strengthen their resources and increase their productivity and enhance their customer base. The companies also try to overcome each others weaknesses by the resources of their counterparts. With this strategy, the larger retail firms grow more quickly and the smaller firms can ensure their long term survival. The retail organizations perform mergers to sustain the highly volatile environment of the retail industry. Recently, the eyewear firm Luxottica and Esilor, a large eyewear firm announced to merge in a 49 billion US dollar deal. The net market of both the firms is about 121 billion US dollars and the y have planned a share all deal (Retail Touchpoints, 2016). In the retail business, the mergers and acquisition are immensely popular. It is due to the fact that the mergers are considered as a source of innovation in the retail business. In the consumer goods retail industry, the most significant asset is brand. The small organizations get the desired brand recognition, whereas the big companies get the innovative products and strategies which have been difficult to build from scratch (Caldbeck, 2014). Diversification is another strategy wherein the retail firms become active in different businesses to increase the profitability and reduce the dependence of one business and associated risks. Several retail stores have expanded their size through mergers and acquisition. The retailing industry has implemented diversification so to expand their business in diversified fields. For instance, Tesco and Sainsbury have invested in restaurant chains and insurance business (Denton, 2016). Scrambled merchandizing is a part of diversification strategy wherein the company increases the companys sales by introducing products which are entirely different from the firms previous products. It also increases the inter-competition between different drug stores. The scrambled merchandizing has several limitations such as lack of expertise in that field, the increase in cost associated by merchandizing different products, the risk associated with selling low quality products and damage to the potential image of the store. The scrambled merchandizing is an expansion strategy wherein the company tries to achieve a broad customer base and increase in the retail trade area. In the scrambled merchandizing policy adoption, the direct and indirect competitors and their policies are also influential (Michman Mazze, 2001). Although the retail chains are expanding through mergers and diversification policy, several firms have not been successful in these approaches. In the downsizing policies, the companies are becoming unprofitable and to gain economy of scale are selling off or closing the unprofitable stores. The downsizing is an appropriate strategy wherein the retailers overextend themselves and does not have appropriate resources or talent to manage the new outlets. Several times, the companies in their quest to extend their operations, choose poor locations which fail in the long run. Cost containment and Value-Driven Retailing The cost-containment approach is the approach wherein the retail companies try to reduce their initial investment and the operational costs. A number of firms adopt this strategy to reduce their expenditure and increase their profitability. Recently, a large number of retail organizations have used this strategy to combat the competition given by the discounters. Cost containment is also an effective strategy to control the construction and land cost, minimize the impact of economic volatility and increase productivity of the organization. In order to control costs, the retail companies standardize their operations, use economic locations and inexpensive construction material and architectural design. The retail companies pursue cost containment to provide good value to the customers. Here, the value refers to the price, quality, service or the combination of all the three elements. In the retail business, the pricing strategy of the company plays a critical role in the choice of the customers (Berman, 2010). The pricing policy of the discount retailers have motivated the customers to buy products at bargain prices. The customers have realized that they can buy qualitative products at lower prices and the price no longer reflect the quality of the products. In the future, the retailing business is going to become highly competitive and it will become more and more difficult for the companies to survive with the maturity of the market. At present, the companies are striving to obtain the maximum market share by reducing the prices and sustaining at minimal profits. In the upcoming years, the retail organizations will try to find competitive advantages in services and the product quality. Moreover, they will engage in robust marketing strategies to attract the customers (Hammond Berman, 2013). Conclusion Retail business is the act of procuring products from different manufacturers and selling them at a single place. The retail business emerged in the Europe and the USA as a result o the industrial revolution and the growing income of the middle class. The departmental stores were the first form of the rental business and they focused on tapping the rich idle class. On the other hand, the discount retailers emerged in the 1960s and tapped the price sensitive customers. These stores forced the retail outlets to reduce the prices of the products. Analogous to the products offered by the retail companies, the companies themselves have a retail life cycle. The major phases in this life cycle are:introduction, development, maturity and decline. The retail companies expand their busness either through merger or diversification. If he retail outlets are not successful, the companies also conduct downsizing to shut the unsuccessful stores. At present, there is immense competition among the bu siness organiations; therefore, the companies implement cost containment and value offering stratrgies to increase their productivity and reduce the operational costs. It can be concluded that the future of the retailing will be very competitive and the companies will search to create competitive advantage in the product quality and the service provided to increase their market share. References Benson, J., Ugolini, L. (2006). Cultures of Selling: Perspectives on Consumption and Society Since 1700. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Berman, B.R. (2010). Competing in Tough Times: Business Lessons from L.L.Bean, Trader Joe's, Costco, and Other World-Class Retailers. FT Press. Calbeck. (2014). Why Acquisitions Make Sense In Consumer And Retail. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from:https://www.forbes.com/sites/ryancaldbeck/2014/04/09/why-acquisitions-make-sense-in-consumer-and-retail/#bcf6efb7c22b Denton, J. (2016). Tesco plans to take axe to loss-making garden centre, restaurant, bakery and coffee shop businesses in mass shake-up. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-3533673/Tesco-plans-axe-loss-making-garden-centre-restaurant-bakery-coffee-shop-businesses-mass-shake-up.html Dunne, P., Lusch, R. (2007). Retailing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Dunne, P.M., Lusch, R.F., Carver, J.R. (2013). Retailing. Cengage Learning. Fernie, J., Fernie, S., Moore, C. (2015). Principles of Retailing. London: Routledge. Findlay, A.M., Sparks, L. (2002). Retailing: The evolution and development of retailing. Taylor Francis. Hammond, R., Berman, B.R. (2013). Your Success in the Retail Business (Collection). FT Press. Howard, V. (2015). From Main Street to Mall: The Rise and Fall of the American Department Store. University of Pennsylvania Press. Loeb, W. (2014). Unrelenting Competition: The Biggest Retail Story of 2015. Forbes. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2014/12/16/unrelenting-competition-the-retail-story-of-2015/#3df89083ec46 Michman, R.D., Mazze, E.M. (2001). Specialty Retailers: Marketing Triumphs and Blunders. Greenwood Publishing Group. Retail Touch points. (2016). Mergers Acquisitions. Retrieved on 22 January 2017 from: https://www.retailtouchpoints.com/features/mergers-and-acquisitions Thain, G., Bradley, J. (2014). FMCG: The Power of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods. First Edition Design Pub. Trentmann, F. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption. OUP Oxford. Varley, R. (2014). Retail Product Management: Buying and Merchandising. London: Routledge. Zentes, J., Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. (2002). Strategic Retail Management: Text and International Cases. Springer Science Business Media.

Dress Codes in Schools Essay Example For Students

Dress Codes in Schools Essay The dress code, an essential tool for preventing people from offending others both intentionally and unintentionally. School, a place of education. Education of necessary subjects for becoming a good citizen. Not education of outfits that show more than they hide. No matter what people say, school is NOT a fashion show. Freedom of Expression, a true right thats true meaning is being demolished. The school must have control over the dress code and enforce it. If the school couldnt control what people wear, just think what there control over the people would be! I intend to tell you why I believe this in more detail. Beer slogans and other offensive and truly inappropriate clothing must not be worn to school. It is argued that people see it enough on TV, in magazines etc, but think about the children! Children arent exposed to much of this and if they are, dont understand it well. Lets keep it this way! Younger kids look up to the older ones and see these inappropriate shirts etc, then copy it! Be a good role model and dress inoffensively. Some things may seem funny to you but offend others. This is absolutely unacceptable. There are many clothes that can be amusing and not offensive. Your actions can affect many. Make sure they affect adequately. School by definition is an institution for teaching children or giving instruction to any subject. It is not an institution for showing off your unmentionables. If a person were to care so much about their clothes, they could drop out of school and join the fashion industry. Fashion and school do not mix though! Outfits that show too much skin can cause distractions from learning and promote sexual behavior. Now who in the world would want to be thinking about sex rather than school? Its ridiculous and uncalled for. Some may argue it is necessary to have two different wardrobes in order to satisfy the dress codes requirements, and have clothes that look good. This is too expensive they argue. Well theres a solution. Buy clothes that look good, AND, meet the dress codes expectations. Its not THAT hard. Clothes that meet the dress code can look good too! Freedom of Expression is being misused. Yes, everyone has the right to express themselves, but wearing inappropriate clothing is not the way to do it. You could use words, pictures, music etc, but dont resort to clothes that dont cover nearly enough or offend others. If you are truly keen on expressing yourself, disobeying the dress code is probably the least powerful and most expensive way to do it. If you want to express yourself, do it right! Hopefully, you can now see better why we need a dress code thats enforced by the school. It helps keep school designed for why it was built, learning. It stops others from offending people both intentionally and unintentionally. It helps maintain Freedom of Expression a right that actually means something. With out the dress code, who knows what schools would become? .

Leadership Model and Case Study

Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Example

Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Example Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Harry was only a baby when his parents, ill and James Potter, w re killed in front of him by Voltmeter. On that night, Voltmeter didnt only make him an rope an but also a famous wizard, for Voltmeter tried to kill him as well and failed leaving him w tit only a lightning bolt scar on his forehead. Dorado, on the other hand, grew up in a FAA mill of Death Eaters, followers Of Voltmeter. Since his father, Luscious Mallory, was a Death E eaters, he had no choice but to follow in his footsteps and join Voltmeters side. Even though Harry and Dorado are from rich purebloods families, they grew up differently. Being an orphan, Harry was put in the custody of his Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon, who hated IM and his parents for being wizards. Harry grew up as a servant for his ann. t and uncle, never knowing that he was a wizard. He never had a parent figure in his life until M Loll Wesley mothered him and Tumbledown, Headmaster of Hogwashs, put him under his wing. While Harry had no mother, Dorado had an overbearing but loving mother, Narcosis Mallory Luscious and Narcosis believed in pure blood lines and hated anyone who wasnt a purebloods Odd, thus engraving the same beliefs onto Dorado. Since having utterly different childhoods, Harry and Dramas personalities are i complete contrast. At Hogwashs, students get placed into one of the four ho sees based on their traits. Harry was placed into Gratifying, which represents bravery and courage e, and Dorado was placed into Slithering, which represents power and accelerations. Harry Pop utter showed courage by never backing down from Voltmeter and always putting others ah dead of himself. Dorado, on the other hand, only cared about himself and being better than eve Rooney else. Through his Hogwashs school years, Dorado was nothing but a bully who always needed his two idiotic henchmen, Crabber and Golly, to back him up and his fathers money and pop were to cower behind. Harry and Dorado also have different sets of standards that they follow. Harry doesnt believe in pure blood lines and thinks those born with magical abilities in mug glee families deserve it just as much as purebloods. He also always thought highly of his FAA there but when he found out his father was a bully in school, he was appalled. When Harry found d out how much money he had in his parents vault at Gringos, he didnt flaunt it or make him self superior to everyone because of it. He also didnt buy his way into the position of seeker on the Acquitted team and instead got it on sheer talent. Unlike Dorado, who bought his way on to the Acquitted team with his fathers money. He craves to be the best and since Potter is see n as a great wizard he tries to ridicule Harry into a laughing stock. Dorado also has a strong hatred for mudflows and those of the poorer hazarding families. When he finally becomes a Death Eater, he sees himself superior to Harry and tries to incite fear in all. Harry Potter and Dorado Mallory are iconic characters in the Harry Potter series. Even though one is brave and the other is selflessness, they are both necessities of the plot line. While Harry was always a good person, Dorado later became one after his year s at Hogwashs and getting away from the Death Eaters.

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Human resource management - Essay Example One such academician is Caroline Lloyd. In her article "Training and development deficiencies in high skill sectors" (2002), Lloyd raises concerns over the lack of training and development, and its impact on the UK’s competitiveness in the new knowledge economy. How grave the situation is, and what implications do Lloyds concerns have on the future of the UK labour market shall be analyzed in the following discussion. In Lloyds article, she presents the thesis that there is an acute need for emphasising on centrality of skills and training for the UK to compete in the new knowledge economy. Companies need to create learning environments so that employees will be able to adapt to the changing work requirements. This can be achieved through internal training and continuous vocational training. However, the current work environment does not meet these requirements. There are two explanations for the lack of training and development in organisations. Lloyd claims that one reason could be the market failure to provide individual training. This could be improved by providing a central incentive program for training employees, motivation for employers to develop their human capital and set up of best practice to influence employer behaviour. The second reason, as other academics provide, is because the UK is a relatively low skill economy. Employers are not competing in high end products in standardized markets. For this reason they are not motivated to develop their workers for higher progression. To alter this status quo of skill deficit, the government needs to implement policies to restructure the market and industries By using two companies from high value-added product markets, Lloyd establishes that despite the companies success in their product markets, they are constrained by their industrial environment. They are not motivated to invest in training and development, or set best practice standards in

Using A Range of Channels as Part of an Integrated PR Campaign Essay

Using A Range of Channels as Part of an Integrated PR Campaign - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  the public relations is an activity that is carried out intentionally, with a particular plan for achieving a result. It is representative of a continuum of activity and inculcates the two-way communication process where the organization will take steps that are in the interests of both the organization and the target group. The fact that public relations is dependent on publics is a very critical factor for the success of the company. The public gives reputation to the company and a commercial, governmental or any other organizational raison d'à ªtre. According to the Chartered Institute of Public Relations in the UK, regards public relations as the activity carried out for the purpose of generation of goodwill and mutual understanding between the company and the public.This study outlines that  reputation helps the company to embed itself in the market and gives it an edge over other rivals. Furthermore, journalists, regulators, employees, cus tomers and suppliers can have a strong influence on the organization. They all possess some view or perception regarding the organization. These perceptions are necessary to take into account by the organization since they will affect the decisions they taking regarding consumption of the products of the organizations and carrying business with it.  As a result, public relations encompasses several aspects of marketing such as public information, investor relations corporate communication or customer relations.

Concept of Crosswall Construction for Earthquake Hazards

Concept of Crosswall Construction for Earthquake Hazards 1. INTRODUCTION The aim of this report is to understand the basic concept of crosswall construction, and a proposal for Armature Crosswalls to be used as earthquake hazard mitigation for reinforced concrete and masonry infill-wall buildings vulnerable to collapse. RC frame and infill construction is common throughout the world and often has proved lethal in earthquakes. The paper traces the history of masonry infill construction from pre-modern forms that have shown earthquake resistance in the past, to the early modern steel skeleton frame buildings that survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. the construction flow at real time in step by step procedures and quantifying the benefits and studying their applications. This is done by making a comparison in usage of the same technique in two different countries namely India and the United Kingdom. This comparison is aimed at producing an insight into the technique and to identify the areas of improvement. 2. Crosswall construction 2.1 Definition: Crosswall is a modern method of building construction using division walls which transfers the floor loads through the building to the foundations. The name crosswall itself signifies the masonry connection is on either sides of the main wall. It employs concrete components like lift and stair cores, precision engineered (highly skilled), and precasted in the factories. 2.2 Applications: This type of pre-cast single-skin or flat panel concrete construction is becoming more popular in commercial applications such as hotels, motels, prisons, military barracks and student accommodations. These types of structures up to 16 storeys have been finished in U.K using the crosswall technique. The use of such panels can result in fast, simple construction process on site followed quickly by finishing trades. Crosswall is mainly used for medium and high rise buildings. 2.3 Benefits: Cross wall construction method reduces the wet trades and creates very early dry boxes for subsequent trades. This helps in speeding up the construction process without delay in work. Crosswalls also helps to eliminate internal cladding and other items such as party walls because the concrete crosswalls and floors do more than load carrying system. Crosswall technique reduces the labour onsite. A precast panel provides concrete frames without structural down stands. Cross wall construction which has been developed for providing very fast and high quality in repetitive accommodation units such as hotels and the opportunity for multi storey apartments is rising, student accommodation buildings, stadiums etc. but the crosswall technique optimisation in low rise buildings is minimal(single houses) because the dimensions of each room may not be the similar. The Crosswall construction is incorporated with a series of both horizontal and vertical ties which are designed in such a way to prevent the failures and collapses according to building specifications. Other precast work can be started simultaneously before the precast units are erected. The crosswall buildings have less maintenance service and have good acoustics values. The acoustic performance of crosswall is excellent because of its mass and effective damping. Crosswalls reduces the risks of failing pre completion acoustic tests. (The Concrete Centre, 2006) Pre cast walls and floor units are more than just a structure (highly effective in costs, speed, early start for other trades, and provision of fire separation panels), wall panels are provided with good finish and air tight tolerance. Tight tolerance enables fitting of bathroom pods, carpets and built in furniture. Flat pack construction is very quick and cost effective because it reduces the material waste on the site and the party walls are largely eliminated. The separation of acoustics and additional finishes are reduced as the wall panels provide the sufficient airborne noise separation. Thermal mass is provided by concrete and the thermal is utilised in crosswall constructions because the concrete widely spreads on the unfinished surfaces and the thermal mass reduces the risk of over heating in summer season by keeping the surrounding cool.( Doebber, Ellis M.W; 2005) The main features incorporated in cross wall construction are Direct decorative finish to the walls with only minor pre decoration treatments. Solid room sized slabs pre finished for direct ceiling decorations. Reduced structural zone without downstands. Cross wall system generally utilises stair cores and lift cores for overall stability. Pre fitted windows eliminates internal cladding. Optimal methods of floor construction, allowing flexibility for individual client requirements. Construction of stairs and lift cores can permit early access for subsequent trades. (The Concrete Centre, 2007) 2.4 Limitations: In spite of several benefits offered by the precast panels, it has found that there is no wide acceptance of the precast panels in construction because of Highly skilled engineers or labours are required for manufacturing, placing and erecting the moulds on required positions. Lack of awareness and initiatives especially in Indian construction industry because of invariable labour intensive methods which leads to delay in the construction and that result in cost over-run and poor workmanship. Shortage of skilled and semi-skilled personnel availability may bring poor finishes, leakages in the buildings, corrosion of structural elements. These defects can be only minimised by the use of mass scale projects such as schools, offices, hospitals and other similar projects.(A.B.Shah,2005) Precast wall panel construction may be more or equal expensive as masonry construction because it mainly depends upon the transportation of offsite fabricated materials to onsite. (Havel.G, 2006) Difficult to transport heavy weight and size of the precast panels. The profit margin is very low in the small scale constructions. For single and two storey dwellings it would be typical to use single storey height walls panels between 90-300mm thick concrete for external walls and 70-100mm thick panels for the internal walls. The variation in designs leads to the problem and the single housing clients are not happy with the precast technique even though it provides a higher quality and good finish. This crosswall technique is mostly used for large repetitive structures may not be used for small scale construction like individual housing because the crosswall is more expensive tool when compared. (Glass.J, 2000) 2.4.1 Fire Conditions: The building with large precast wall panels often has high ceilings and heavy fire loadings, as in retail stores, factories and warehouses. The fire in one of these occupancies require large volumes of water from large lines, if the fire is not controlled master stream appliances will be needed. The fire in large precast buildings is likely to cause an early collapse of the roofs even if they are no weak connections. In this type of precast panel construction all the parts of the building are tied together as part of a structure, the roof collapses are more likely to tip the walls inwards and outwards. As we know, the roof supports are more securely connected to the walls, the chances of roof collapsing is high before the wall connection fails. The failure of any part of the structure may affect the stability of the other parts of the building. (Havel.G, 2006) 3. Historical background: The precast concrete wall panel system was devised in England by William H.Lascelles (1832-85) of Exeter. In 19th century the pre-casting concrete for the structural purposes was started. Francois Hennebique (1842-1921) first introduced precast concrete into cast in-situ flour mill in France. White and Morris had given the historical accounts of the early development on precast concrete. (Elliot.K.S; 2000) Later in 1930s the use of precast as been expanded by companies such as Bison, Trent concrete and girling. Whilst precast concrete usage was stand at the first place it differs from country to country. One of the reason was the structural timber became more limited in some of the countries which led to development and improvement of precast usage. During the next 25 years the development in the precast frames, precast cladding as increased the market share to around 15% in industrial, commercial sectors. (Richardson.J.G, 1973) Since the 1990s, a significant amount of research has been conducted on the seismic behavior and the design of precast wall paneled structures that do not emulate the behavior of cast-in-place reinforced concrete construction. 4.Development Of Precast Concrete Panel Frame Systems: Precast panel frame systems have been successfully emerged from the research use of post tensioning between the precast beam and columns to achieve the lateral load resistance needed in seismic areas. (Seismic design of friction-damped precast concrete frame structure) For the Docklands project on constructing student accommodation blocks in London, the concrete was prefabricated in Belgium and transported because the northern Europe was only able to cope up with the demands of the project and other small local markets were tightened. Precast concrete wall panels in buildings speeds up the building process by adopting the precast concrete moulds. Decorative and light weight blocks have a great to offer visual values and technical values. The small store buildings from the precast industries offer excellent means of construction within the budget. The farm buildings, ware houses, industrial buildings are required to be constructed on exposed sites so the materials of standard precast frame components are supplied. Precasting of simple lintels offers opportunities of time saving on the site. The schools, universities are built by using the precast modular components. 4.1 Comparison of Conventional and Large precast panel Construction (Shah.A.B, 2005) The above table clearly signifies the benefits of large precast construction over conventional construction methods in various fields. 4.2 Structural Superiority: The precast panel structural system can be quiet efficient compared to other systems and it was tested and proven. (Fintel.M, July1991). In cast in-situ concrete structures, the large stresses may built up in the structure due to the curing, shrinkage, creep, temperature etc. However no such stresses are built in large precast panel systems during casting. Due to these special characteristics of large panels it has proved its efficiency for more than 50 years in Europe, America and other developed countries. (Shah.A.B, 2005) 5. Precast Concrete Panel Manufacture Process 5.1 Casting: Precast concrete panels can be manufactured by various casting methods. 5.1.1 Wet casting : It is generally used for small number of units having similar specifications. The moulds are manufactured by heating them in the enclosed and covered zones. Skilled engineers design the type of moulds depending upon the requirement for the project and also under the guidance of trained supervisions. As this casting is used for small units, it can be manufactured manually depending upon the number of units to be prepared. This casting can be provided for small housing. Wet casting provides the concrete in the cube strength ranging from 21 to 50N/mm, the slump varying from 0 to 175mm with a compacting factor varying from 0.8 to 0.97.(specifications are derived from CP 110 Unified code for structural concrete) 5.1.2 Gang casting: It is usually used when the moulds are combined together into a large unit assembly. The gang casting is developed by the modification of wet castings. The gang casting could be used when the similar unit requirement is more. For example: gang casting can be used in the production of stair case in the multi storied buildings. The main factors for adopting gang casting process is because of the designed units, and the general components of concrete. The gang casting can be arranged horizontally and the outputs which are achieved from gang casting can be more enhance in the stack casting. The main advantage of gang casting is it allows the concrete to place faster and than the concrete is compacted with the help of immersion-type vibrators. The greater accuracy of the component units are produced with the gang casting. The gang moulds are tied up in series so that the pressure loading on each individual unit is counteracted by the adjacent units, by this way it reduces the number of tie members. The gang moulds can be used for long horizontal spans, but the filling of gang moulds must be carefully controlled such that the intermediate moulds are not subjected to differential loading which may cause deflections and waves along the line of moulds. (Gibb.A, 1999) 5.1.2 Stack Casting: Stack casting is the slight modification to the flat and gang casting units. In this casting process gang moulds are filled and hardened after the hardening process the divider plates are driven into the mould up to an appropriate depths so that the next layer will be ready for casting. Stack casting is used to produce A frames and can be used in the repetitive structures such as prisons constructions. All the rooms are of same size and dimensions. Precasters have found that the incorporation of through holes, barrels or by insertion of anchors allows fastening the mould sides and bring them to the subsequent positions with exact casting thickness. 5.1.3 Battery casting: It is mostly used on wider scale, battery moulds has become more popular in large concrete wall panel constructions and the casting technique is also used for the manufacture of floor slabs and for decorative cladding components. The battery casting can be used in the manufacture of L shaped components such as balcony elements and lift enclosures. In this type, the units are generally cast in batteries of two or more. The battery mould can also have eight to twelve cells in the same mould. The changes on the casting process which provides a continuous casting, hardening, and curing schedule prior to de moulding. The battery mould which basically contains a series of plates that are spaced a part by the other mould members. A Battery mould allows high density of casting to be carried in the available space. Care and proper supervision is required in the assembly operations so it results in securely tied moulds which will be impossible for the concrete member to get separate from the mould. (Richardson.J.G, 1973) 5.2. Direct Casting and Inverted Shell Procedures: The precasted concrete panels can be obtained from the flexible formwork. The fabric formwork can be used to produce two basic types of concrete panels such as direct casting and inverted shells. In the direct cast panels, the concrete moulds are formed by the sandwiching fabric between the two rectangular frames. Firstly, the lower frame has the intermediate supports place inside it. The lower frame is X- shaped intermediate supports. The fabric membrane is than prestressed between the lower and intermediate supports. Finally, the upper frame is placed over the membrane and than aligned with the lower frames. When the concrete is placed in the mould, the fabric form bends downwards and creates three dimensional tension curves between the available supports. Using the direct casting method, a single membrane can be moulded to form different varieties of designs by simply changing the design of the intermediate supports. The produced precasted frames with different designs can be used as various building components. The direct cast panel can be used as moulds to produce light weight shaft panels with compressed shells are caste from the mould. The panel has a minimum thickness of 38mm at the apex and a maximum thickness of 127mm at the perimeter and the diagonal X beams. The two glass fiber reinforced concrete panels can also be produced by optimising the same process of tilting the direct cast panel to produce a compression shell panel. The final obtained glass fibre reinforced concrete panel cast from the mould which significantly varies in thickness from 13 to 38mm. Unlimited desired number of different pattern or designs can be produced from these methods. Each intermediate supports produces its own set of compression shells. The moulds can be produced by providing the compression resistance to different load patterns by the changing the loading which is used in direct cast mould productions. This method helps in developing an architectural quality concrete finishes using the industrial concrete mixing. Also expands the architectural potential of concrete constructions. But the problem was identified that there was no suitable method for predicting the magnitude of deflections in the formwork membranes under the variety of loading and also structural behaviour of some of the structures are not examined, precise engineers may solve the problem of structural behaviour in the precast concrete panels. (West.M, April 2004) 6.Crosswall Construction Procedures Precasting the elements such as foundations, wall panels, floors, stairs, chajjas, water tanks are manufactured at the factory and they are directly installed on the site. 6.1 Foundations: The foundations along with the walls up to the plinth levels can be cast by using M20 grade concrete in the factories and further construction can be processed by using precast panels. 6.2 Precast Wall Panels: The precast wall panels can be made of concrete with the reinforcement provided as per the specifications. The wall panels can be cast in horizontal positions and than they are lifted from the casting beds after the concrete attains minimum required strengths. They are three main types of wall elements that are solid panels, panels with door openings and panels with window openings. 6.2.1 Sandwich Panels: The sandwich panel which involves a precast concrete outerleaf, and the choice of simulated stone finishes or facings, insulating layer and a blacking leaf of plane grey concrete. The insulation which is installed under the factory conditions is well protected by the concrete. The thickness of the insulation contained in the sandwich panels can be varied to achieve the required U-values. The precast concrete sandwich panels are often used for the building exteriors cladding and also serves as shear walls. The two sandwich layers are generally connected by the stainless steel connectors, which may consists of wind and the shear connectors. Several insulation types such as mineral fibre insulation materials can be used. A cavity can also be introduced if necessary. Mineral fibre insulation is environmentally friendly, fire resistant when compared to the expanded polystyrene products. The sandwich panels may support floors, slabs and beams. The main advantage of the load bearing panels is they may not require perimeter columns and instead increases the floor area and gives flush wall profiles. The applied finish panels may include terracotta, glazed bricks, tiles, granite, and limestone. A panel may incorporate more than 1000 bricks or 100 stones. (Dawson.S, 2004) The sandwich panel system which includes polystyrene insulation sandwiched between the two concrete walls. The interior of the sandwich panel is thicker because several studies as shown the thermal capacitance of benefits are greater when the thermal capacitance is within the insulation barrier (Kossecka Kossny, 2002) The two types of precast concrete panel systems are One is waffle precast concrete panel system which is currently used in the light commercial and residential industry and the other is sandwich precast concrete panel system which represents the available wall technologies which has greater thermal performance than the waffle panel system. The inner leaf of the sandwich panel may be used as a load bearing structural element for giving support to the floor units. This provides more efficiency to the construction process and minimises the need to integrate different trades. Techrete Company has manufactured the load bearing sandwich panels for Dublins city centre; the city centre was designed by OMahony Pike and for the first time the sandwich panel was used in a structural capacity on residential development. The sandwich panel provides very strong, durable, energy-efficient and fire resistant cladding systems. All the panels are manufactured in the factory and they are Just in time delivered to the site, they are enabled to provide very high quality finishes. Construction will be much faster and the load bearing walls panels they provide both structural support and external finish, the labour on site is minimised. (Taylor.P.J, 1992) Most of the precast concrete cladding system comprises of a single layered structural concrete panels which are manufactured in the factory and than installed on multi storey buildings with a weather resistant external finishes. Sandwich panel generally contains insulated material between the two precast layers. Techrete is one of the leading precast concrete manufacturers which has expanded the range and potential of the sandwiched panels. The Techrete company has introduced the precast panels in stone and bricks. The air cavity can be fixed in between the panels and they can be integrated as a part of load bearing structures. 6.2.1.1 Two-Wythe Sandwich Panels: The precast concrete slabs are constructed by two Wythes of concrete which are separated by thermal insulation layer. Two Wythes panels are provided with strong concrete which enables both lifting and handling. The solid concrete may also have catastrophic impact on the thermal performance on the precast concrete panels. The research was mainly directed towards the development of precast concrete three-Wythe sandwich panel with the improved thermal performances. Often, both the concrete Wythes are of same thickness and the surface of the exterior Wythes may include the architectural panels. The panels with two concrete Wythes and one insulated layer are referred to as two-Wythe panels. (Lee B.J,Pessiki; 2006) 6.2.1.2 Three-Wythe Sandwich Panels: The three Wythe panel which usually as three concrete Wythes and two insulated layers, those are connected by solid concrete and they are staggered in location so that no concrete path extends directly through the entire thickness of the panel. In practice, the three-Wythe panels are evaluated by estimating the thermal resistance (R-value) using the finite element methods. Three Wythe panel was developed to reduce the thermal bridges which were produced by solid concrete. Generally the thermal performance of three Wythe panel is evaluated by estimating the R-Values (thermal resistance) using finite element methods. The benefits of three Wythe panels are: The concrete connection between the Wythes allows improving the thermal performance over the two Wythe panel. The increased overall panel thickness may lead to increased span capability, this how which increases the usage of sandwiched panels. But the three-Wythe sandwiched panel may not be applicable for all scenarios because it increases the production time and production costs when compared to two sandwiched panels. On the whole three Wythes panels provide greater advantages in thermal performance than two Wythe panel but with higher cost and time productivities. (LEE, PESSIKI; 2003) 6.2.2 Tilt-Up Panels: The tilt up technique which combines the advantage of precast walls with other benefits of site casting, the size and the thickness of the panel is reduced. The tilt up construction had grown more rapidly with respect to the increase in the demands for more durable and economical buildings. The use of WWR(wire welded reinforcement) in the tilt up panels is relatively new concept. According to concrete international there are inherent advantages and disadvantages to the use of the WWR. (Griffin.J, 2003) WWR (wire welded reinforcement) mats are manufactured in the plant-controlled environment, which gives the correct number of bars that to be placed in the panels depending upon the additional drawings. In the fields the prefabricated mats give assurance that the bars do not bunch or free float together in the plane of reinforcement, step- through meshes are well maintained which offers the workers the ability to step between adjacent bars, reduction of labour on the site. Tilt up panel can be reinforced in less time because of the labour reduction. This wire welded reinforcement(WWR) may be used in joining the precast concrete walls and may finish the work very quickly without the need of excess labour and has an advantage in reducing size and thickness of the walls in multi-storey structures. 6.2.3 Double wall precast panels: Double wall building technology means that both sides of the wall and the floor components are form finished. The interior surfaces of the walls are dry and smooth, only single coat of paint may be required to achieve the look and feel the drywall finish. The exterior surfaces of the walls can be produced with variety of finishes and surface treatments. Dukane Precast Company has used the double wall technique for the low-rise residential and non residential constructions. This company has built a plant geared for low cost production of roof and wall that created safest, durable and most energy efficient building systems. The double wall building method may offer significant energy conservation by recognising thermal mass properties. The benefits of double wall panels: The double wall panel design may be a good choice for the home buyers looking primarily in cost, comfort, health benefits. The high degree of insulation provided by the panels can permit the use of smaller heating and air conditioning units, thus may save monthly operating costs of the house. (Concrete Products Staff, 2002) 6.3 Floors/Roof Panels: 6.3.1 Hollowcore Floors: Hollowcore and prestressed floors are also commonly used as floor slabs in multi-Family housing, schools, and hotels, offices which may take an advantage of span to depth ratios, high load carrying capacity, fire ratings and speed of construction. The hollow unit reduces the self weight of the slabs. These floor units may be available in 1200mm in widths depths from 110 to 400 mm. The hollow core slabs for the residential buildings may have very good span capabilities (short long span). The long span is used for the car parks and office constructions and they can exhibit upward cambers. The short spans can also be provided with a layer of the expanded polysterene on the soffit to provide the insulation for the ground floor situations. The hollowcore slabs with reinforcement can be generally 225mm deep and 1200 mm wide Termodeck Company is more specialised in providing hollow core units. (Borghoff.M, 2006) The hollow core wall panels can be installed with or without insulation. The floor units can be provided with the polysterene or poly-isocyanurate (PIR) insulation material. The benefits of using hollowcore floor units are as follows: It may include high load carrying capacity, long spans, durability, erection speed, providing instant working, and very good thermal and sound insulation, providing the floor with fire resistant properties without the need for the fire protection treatment. Hollow core units may be the ideal building material for the construction of ware houses, manufacturing plants, schools, retail stores, office buildings and administration buildings. The use of pre stressed hollow core units and the solution which may enables fast construction and it is cost effective because the secondary fire resistance treatment is not required Precast hollowcore floors are designed with up to 4 hours fire resistance by using tabulated data that gives minimum dimensions for the depth of concrete cover to the prestressing strand or wires as well as overall depth of the floor slab to be used. (Norman E Brown, Head of Engineering Services – British Precast Secretary – Precast Flooring Federation) 6.4 Transportation: The precast concrete panels can delivered to the site over the highways by semi trailer trucks. A few can be shipped by rail or other modes of transportation depending upon the feasibility of resources. The precast plants may not restrict the size and weight of the precast panel production if there is ease of transportation. The use of light weight aggregate concrete panels can minimize the impact of weight on shipping, handling and