Medicare Fraud Essay Example

Medicare Fraud Essay Example Medicare Fraud Paper Medicare Fraud Paper The US government should instill morals into all professionals who are involved in Medicare, thus urging them to be trust worthy, transparent, and accountable during treatment activities. All the doctors and nurses especially in Miami, New York, Detroit, Houston, Baton Rouge, and La ought to avoid giving false bills for unnecessary equipments in Medicare, physiotherapy and H. I. V treatments (Yaffe Aranda, 2005). Moreover, the government should ensure that medical specialists are paid well. This would motivate the professionals to work perfectly in treating the patients, thus reducing Medicare fraud in the country. The government should ensure that medical practitioners are barred from running their own medical clinics. This is because such business practices promote double-dealing in the practitioners’ areas of expertise by enabling them to steal medical equipments. Further, the experts are not dedicated in attending to the patients in government hospital s. Rather, doctors and nurses give more attention to their clinics and patients. The government must enforce tough criminal penalties on the doctors and nurses as well as officials who indulge themselves in Medicare fraud offences. All the doctors and nurses should understand age management techniques scientifically sound medical approaches that ensure that aging is treated as manageable process. This knowledge enables the medical professionals to have the zeal to promote increased energy among the patients, body fitness, and overall wellbeing throughout all life phases. In addition, the government of USA should ensure that effective pharmacotherapy research is done. Such research, as happens in various academic institutions, including Yale University, the University of Taxes, as well as the University of California, will help to prepare the doctors and nurses to take care of the patients. Moreover, the USA has established authority to oversee bogus claims brought by patients, doctors, nurses and officials in order to acquire money in unjust ways. The authority controls undercover urgent used by private clinics and also the kickback payments in private rooms. Finally, the USA government should set up bodies which ensure quality assurance in all hospitals and medical centers. This will ensure that all the patients receive desirable medical attention in order to promote their health. Reference Yaffe, S. J. ; Aranda, J. V. (2005). Neonatal and pediatric pharmacology: Therapeutic principles in practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

How to Write a College Essay That Shares Your Passion

How to Write a College Essay That Shares Your Passion When coaching my college essay clients on how to write a college essay, I always tell them to talk about their real passion and to tell their real story – not to talk about what they think other people want them to talk about. In that vein, today, I’d like to share three of my favorite things with you. One is a recipe, one is a book, and one is a blender. They are all related. And they have little to do with job search or LinkedIn, but they have everything to do with commitment and passion. You could say this is what I might write about for a supplemental college essay, if I were writing one. One of the things that is most important to me in my life, besides writing and personal growth, is health and wellness. I’ve written articles that include kale references, and I blogged on July 17th about the value of regular exercise for productivity. What I put into my body is extremely important to me, and I’ve recently been excited by a book I stumbled across: Zero Belly Smoothies It was love at first sight, and have spent many a Saturday afternoon trying out the recipes that grace its pages. The book, which is now my smoothie bible, has not left its spot next to my Blendtec blender since I started my craze. Chocolate Decadence You might not know this, but smoothies are one of the best ways to get nutrients into your system – they make a great breakfast and are also the perfect replenishment after a workout. I drink them for both occasions! The best thing is that they can be both healthy and delicious. Did you know that you can put black beans, avocado, and banana in a smoothie and make it taste like a rich dessert, while getting 25g of protein? I didn’t, until a few weeks ago. And my life has been transformed. To share my joy over the above-mentioned potion, I’m giving it to you here. You can find this delectable recipe and more at Zero Belly Smoothie Recipes for Breakfast, Lunch and Dessert. RECIPE: Chocolate Decadence Smoothie 1/2 banana (preferably peeled and frozen) 1/4 ripe avocado, peeled, pitted, and quartered 1/4 cup black beans 1/2 cup unsweetened almond milk 1/4 cup chocolate plant-based protein powder 6 ice cubes Water to blend (optional) 300 calories, 9 g fat, 34 g carb, 11 g fiber, 9 g sugar, 25 g protein I also particularly like Zero Belly’s Velvety Elvis smoothie, which includes banana, spirulina, and almond butter. What a treat – and it looks like the ocean! But I can’t find it on the internet and dare not violate any copyrights. Plus I really think everyone with any interest in smoothie creations must buy the book. Of course, you’ll need a blender to do these recipes justice. Whole food smoothies, sadly, cannot be made by hand. Not a Blender Fan? You might be lamenting, â€Å"My blender smells like rubber anytime I make it work hard.† Or, â€Å"My blender is so hard to clean!† or â€Å"My blender leaves big chunks of food in my drink. ‘Smooth’ is the last word I’d use to describe the sludge my blender produces.† Or you might be saying mournfully, â€Å"I have an awesome blender I paid hundreds of dollars for and it’s sitting there on my kitchen counter, next to my unused juicer. I’ve given up.† If you have a Vitamix or Blendtec blender and it’s wasting away unutilized, it’s time to dust it off and get it cranking! If you have any other type of blender, and you are inspired to get serious about smoothies, it’s worth investing in a good one†¦ either a Vitamix or Blendtec. In my opinion, Blendtecs are the better value. I’ve had mine for years and love it more every day. Another advantage of smoothies is that you can freeze them and have your supply ready for the week; and if you’re on the go, they make a quick 1-minute meal. (I’m not a fan of savory â€Å"lunch† or â€Å"dinner† smoothies, but give those a try if you’re curious.) One of my favorite tricks is how to bring a smoothie onto an airplane (it starts as powder and turns into a nutrition-packed meal)! If you travel for work, bringing â€Å"smoothie packs† along with you is a great way to stay healthy while on the road. Ask me if you want to know more about that. Not Really a College Essay So I didn’t really write a college-essay-worthy essay here, since I would never want any student to give advice in a college application. But have I gotten my excitement across – and provided some insight on how to write a unique college essay? I hope so, and if I’ve transmitted any of that excitement to you, I’d be happy to share more of my favorite recipes privately. They might just change your life too. And if you want more advice on how to write a college essay, check out my article,  How to Write a Great College Application Essay: 2017-18 Common App Prompts, or check out my college admissions services  and work with me one-on-one.

Health psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Health psychology - Essay Example She is overweight, which is likely to be the contributing factor to her obesity. She is being regularly seen by her GP for monitoring. Her GP has recommended a change of diet and an increase in activity in order to manage her diabetes without being overly dependent on insulin injections. No improvements in Andrea’s condition were however seen. The GP suspects that she is not complying with his advice. Andrea however claims that she has changed her eating habits and has resorted to walking instead of taking the bus to work every day. Historical and conceptual background of the problem The issue of diabetes was first seen about 1550BC when an Egyptian papyrus described a disease which can cause a person to rapidly lose weight and to urinate frequently (Diabetes.uk, 2011). More references to this disease were seen in other ancient societies, including the Greeks, where they speak of a disease which manifests with excessive thirst, excessive urination, and loss of weight. Aretaeus , a Greek physician, named the disease â€Å"diabetes,† a word which means â€Å"flowing through† (Diabetes.uk, 2011). During the 19th century, more tests were developed which made it possible to test the presence of excess sugar in the urine. Attempts at treating this disease were attempted but were initially unsuccessful. During the Franco-Prussian War, a treatment which primarily involved a restricted diet was implemented and this diet seemed to be effective in managing the disease (Diabetes.uk, 2011). Microscopic studies by Philip Langerhans around this time also helped identify the tiny cell islands in the pancreas. Barron, in the 1920s related Langerhan’s cells to diabetes. Insulin was also identified and linked with the pancreas and diabetes. The treatment of this disease has improved significantly since then (Diabetes.uk, 2011). However, it remains one of the most difficult and delicate diseases to manage in health care. It has been known to cause variou s health complications, including organ damage and heart disease. Diet is said to be one of the major contributors to the rising rates of diabetes in the population. This diet is largely based on a high fat, high cholesterol, and high carbohydrate diet found in the foods currently consumed by the general population. Unhealthy diets often cause the increase of glucose in the blood—more than what the insulin can carry and bring to the pancreas for processing (Leslie and Robbins, 1995). Moreover, researchers have also established the condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered by a high fat diet. This stress causes the increased production of glucose in the liver which is a crucial step towards insulin resistance (Salk Institute, 2009). A major concern in the food industry and in health is the fact that more and more people prefer to eat in fast foods. These fast food chains sell foods which are high in fat, in sodium, and in carbohydrate content, thereby increasin g the prevalence of obesity in the general population (VOA News, 2005). Many working professionals who are too busy to go home and cook home cooked and healthy meals are also opting for fast foods. Andrea is no doubt one of these individuals who have been drawn into this type of diet. She occupies a managerial position which likely leaves room for healthy eating which also implies her indulgence in fast foods for her regular meals. The diabetes issue in Andrea’

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example It was way back in 1986, that there have been a number of theories that have been developed to manage the intellectual capital in the 21st century (Carlie, 1998). There has been immense and rapid growth in terms of knowledge management and this has been even higher since 1996. Knowledge management is a growing and established discipline and is being followed in many large organisations. Knowledge Management is slowly becoming a major and a very crucial issue in companies. It is essential to understand that knowledge is a major economic challenge for companies in the future (Hewitt, 2000). For every innovative and successful organisation, there is a high need for creating, capitalising and sharing the Knowledge capital. It is essential to understand that Knowledge management is a programme which is more of a long term effort, and includes a strong need for strategic commitment and involves and includes a number of analysis of the knowledge and know how in the company. It also involves the integration of a number of tools as well. Knowledge has been noted to bring about the possibility for mangers and businesses to make decision to create higher success and competitive advantage (Hewitt, 2000). Knowledge plays and essential part in every business and creates a potential in managers to use the corporate knowledge that they have to improve and optimize their resources not only in terms of financial but also the in terms of human resources as well. Researchers have noticed over the years that almost 75 – 80 percent of all large companies have a strong inclination and formal KM programs. KM is slowly becoming a major and crucial issue in companies. It is safe to say that knowledge has already grown largely and it has become one of the most essential aspects of any business. It has become a major driver and money is now slowly phasing out of the scene and as the old saying of ‘Knowledge is king’, is now being put to use in almost

The Qur`an Essay Example for Free

The Qur`an Essay This website contains selections from the Quran, particularly those sections fundamental to Islam. These sections deal with Allah (God), the worship of Allah, mans purpose in relation to Allah, and the purpose of the revelation to Muhammad.   In addition, this website provides scripture about the Quran, belief and disbelief, the relationship between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity and the Islamic view of an afterlife. Given the history of wars between these three faiths, it is interesting to note just how much their scriptures teach similar precepts. Islam views Mohammed (approximately 570 A.D. until 632 A.D.) as the final revelation from God or Allay to people of this world until the world comes to an end. Like Judaism that had been in existence for at least 1500 years and Christianity that had been in existence for more than 500 years, Islam is a monotheistic religion based on a book, the Quran. Each of these religions come from the tradition of Abraham and his descendents. Given the world today and the current animosity between those nations considered Christian and those considered Muslim, there are a surprising number of similarities between the two religions. In addition, given the strong anti-Semitic feeling among the more radical groups of Islam, it is hard to believe that they both come from similar traditions. In the discussion of Muhammads purpose, we read. Thus have we sent amongst you an apostle of yourselves, to recite to you our signs, to purify you and teach you the Book and wisdom, and to teach you what you did not know; remember me (God), then, and I will remember you; thank me, and do not disbelieve. This is remarkably similar to much of the teachings and actions of Jesus who worked against the Pharisees to purify Judaism in Jerusalem in the first century A.D. In the section called God it is interesting to read and note how much of the description is like the book of the Old Testament. Your God is one God; there is no God but He, the merciful, the compassionate of the Quran compares to the ten commandment statement of thy God is a jealous god, Thou shalt have no other god before Me. In the Quran Allah seems more mature. It is claimed that he is the one god, but that he is merciful and compassionate. In the Judeo-Christian tradition, God seems less mature, more given to anger and more demanding of those who worship him/her. There is a more alive and celebratory quality to the writings of the Quran. Instead of saying something like God created the heavens and the earth as in the Old Testament, just a simple declarative statement, the Quran provides a different slant, He created the heavens and the earth. May God be exalted above all that which they join with Him! This passion and emotion expressed in the Islamic tradition is greatly different than what is experienced in many Christian Churches today. This is reflected in the behavior of Muslims, who are passionate and open in newscasts today, as opposed to the restrained, remote, detached worshipping that many Christians and Jews do. The Quran and the Bible offer many similar teachings. Sadly, Moslems, Christians and Jews seem determined to emphasis the differences instead of embracing the similarities. Works Cited Hooker, Richard. Islam the Qu-ran. 02 Dec. 2006 http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ ISLAM/QURANSEL.HTM

Understanding Wolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening Essay

Understanding Wolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening â€Å"Un-Utterable Longing† analyzes The Awakening from the diverse, yet overlapping perspectives of deconstruction, feminist/gender theory, new historicism, and psychoanalytic criticism. Much like Yaeger and Treichler, Wolff attributes Edna’s struggle and eventual demise to her failed search for a language that voices her (un)womanly desires. Wolff first adopts the new historicist viewpoint to situate Edna as a 19th-century southern woman, presenting a very real conflict between: the dominating values of her time and place; and her own innermost passions and needs. Wolff additionally deconstructs traditional ideals of sexuality, adultery, and gender roles while acknowledging the psychological turmoil and deterioration Edna experiences throughout the novel. Wolff’s essay, despite its faults, â€Å"combines perspectives† to provide a fuller representation, understanding, and appreciation of Chopin’s character and her story. Wolff begins by providing The Awakening’s historical background and the cultural obstructions hindering Edna’s sexual expression. Puritan conservatism had given way to Calvinist repression and it was believed as irrefutable fact that women only experienced the sexual impulse through their innate desire to procreate. Therefore, Wolff is able to claim that, â€Å"†¦ it is not enough to say that The Awakening is a novel about repression† (381). But rather it is, â€Å"†¦ about a woman whose shaping culture has, in general, refused her the right to speak out freely† (381). Here Wolff’s new historicist concerns provide not only an accurate backdrop, but a greater thematic interest. The novel is not just about Edna’s repression of her sexual feelings, but also about her societ... ...It is a fascinating and moving affirmation that Chopin is able to convey the success of feminine discourse through the trial and failure of her hopeless yet heroic character. However, given the bad reviews and the lack of attention her novel received, would it not also be the case that Chopin, like her character, failed to find an audience? If The Awakening failed to â€Å"speak† until fifty years after its publication, is that an indication of its failure or instead the failure of the early 20th-century readers? There seems to be a bit of a problem with Wolff’s argument here, for I do not believe that she would agree that Chopin’s lack of audience indicates her failure. Therefore Edna does not fail because she cannot find an audience, as Wolff asserts, but rather because she clings to the language of her society and does not invent a new one. That was left to Chopin.

Steven Jhonson Syndrome

STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT. Roberto Carmona Florida International University Abstract: Steven Johnson Syndrome is an inmune disease charactherized by a detachment of the epidermis from dermis. It could be fatal and the pathophysilogy involves a complex hypersensitivity reaction with the participation of T lymphocytes that induce keratinocyte’s apoptosis. The syndrome can be cause by drigs, infections and malignancies. The diagnosis is difficlut due to the abscense of specific manifestations and laboratory tests.There is a genetic predisposition in individuals with certain HLA types. The disease Overview: Stevens-Jonhson Syndrome (SJS)is an immune disease. The disorder was described as a delay hypersensitivity reaction with epidermal necrosis and the participation of infections, drugs and genetic factors. The clinical expression varies from a slight form to a serious systemic process that may implicate life-threatening complica tions and death. In spite of the differences in the severity of the manifestations, the etiology, pathophysiology and genetic influence remain the same (Hazim, 200).The disorder was reported for the first time by Stevens and Chambers in 1922, after observing a couple of boys with fever, diffuse rash and sores in the mouth and ocular mucosa. It was confused with measles. At the beginning of the 90’s after several investigations, the difference between Erythema Multiforme Major SJS was proposed. Further research revealed there were dissimilarities on the cutaneous lesion's pattern, whereas EMM referred to target raised edematous papules. SJS was characterized by blisters on top of an erythematous or purpuric base ( Mockenhaupt et al. 2011). Pathophysiology and Etiology: The development of a hypersensitivity reaction type 4 has been involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. There are groups of patients with certain conditions that lead to a higher risk of SJS: Slow acetyla tors, immunocompromised, and patients with cerebral neoplasia undergoing radiotherapy with antiepileptic medications. Slow acetylators cannot detoxify drug residues, resulting in a build-up of drug metabolites that may trigger an immune response at the tissue level. This mechanism has been shown in SJS associated with sulfas.The metabolite can also cause toxic effects per se. Other mechanisms included the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor that boosts the production of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+). The mature CD8+ lymphocytes cause tissular damage inducing epidermic necrosis through the discharge of granzyme and perforin. The perforin kills the keratinocytes by forming complex insoluble arrangements. The activation of the cell surface's receptor (Fas), and the subsequent induction of the caspase system, lead to DNA instability and cell destruction.In SJS, Fas ligand has been found with high levels, and it promotes Fas expression by epidermal cells. Finally, the apoptosis of the k eratinocytes leads to a detachment of the epidermis from the dermis, and the inflammatory process will turn more intense and the progressive necrolysis of the epidermis will be extended ( Mockenhaupt et al. , 2011). Several causal agents have been related with SJS. These factors have been grouped in four categories: Drug induced, infections, Malignancies and Idiopathic.Medications have been established as the most common cause of SJS overall. Among the different groups, antibiotics predominate followed by analgesics, anticonvulsants and gout treatment drugs respectively. Sulfas, penicillins, ciprofloxacin, carbamazepine and antiretroviral drugs have been described by researchers as the most important agents related with the onset of the toxic epidermal necrolysis (Hazim et al. , 2008). Viral infections have been reported to be associated with SJS: Herpes virus, AIDS, Mumps, coxsackie, Influenza and Mumps.Other agents linked with the reaction have been: Streptococci, Mycoplasma Pneum oniae, Mycobacterium, Coccidium, Histoplasma and Plasmodium (Finkelstein et al . , 2011). Genetic predisposition constituted an important aspect in the occurrence of the disease. It has been established the role of the Human Leukocyte Antigen with the possibility of developing a drug-induced SJS. For example, HLA-B 1502 has been associated with carbamazepine reactions, and it has been used as a pre-therapy test. Toxic Epydermal Necrolysis induced by sulfonamides has been linked with HLAB7 and HLA-D7 (Phillips et al. , 2011).Ko Tai-Ming et al. (2011) carried out a research where they could demonstrate the role of the T-cell receptor in the pathophysiology of the SJS induced by Carbamazepine in patients with HLA-B1502. The results of the investigation showed an 84 percent of the patients that developed carbamazepine induced SJS were HLA-B1502 positive in the antigen presenting cells that will activate the TCR of CD8 lymphocytes. Diagnosis and treatment: The disease is often misdiagnos ed. The onset of symptoms like fever, sorethorat, and malaise may be interpreted as an infection and treated with antibiotic, which can aggravate the course.The laboratory tests are not specific and do not confirm the disorder. The skin biopsy shows the epidermal detachment and the presence of bullas. The high mobility group one protein (HMGB1) has turned recently in an important instrument for the diagnosis (Nakajima et al. , 2011). The management is focused to treat the skin lesions as burns with the correspondent supportive treatment, infection precautions and fluid's therapy. Antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents should be considered as well as cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine and immunotherapy (Hazim et al. 2008). Conclusions: Steven Jonhson Syndrome is a life-threatening condition characterized by a detachment of the epidermis from the dermis. The pathophysiology involves a complex immunologic mechanism consistent in a hypersensitivity reaction with the proliferation of cytot oxic lymphocytes and the subsequent stimulation of the apoptosis mechanism. Medications and infection constitute the most common factors associated with the etiology of the disease and there is a predisposition in certain HLA genotypes. REFERENCES Finkelstein, Y. Y. , Soon, G. S.G. S. , Acuna, P. P. , George, M. M. , Pope, E. E. , Ito, S. S. , . . . Garcia-Bournissen, F. (2011). Recurrence and outcomes of stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Pediatrics,  128(4), 723-728. Retrieved from http://ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/896205631? accountid=10901 Hazim, R. , Ibrahim, O. , ; Hazim, M. (2008). Stevens-Johnson syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Annals of Medicine,  40(2), 129-138. Retrieved June 7, 2012 from http://www. cbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/18293143 Ko, T. , Chung, W. , Wei, C. , Shih, H. , Chen, J. et al. (2011, December). Shared and restricted T- cell receptor use is crucial for carbamazepi ne-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 128. 6,  128(6), 1266-1276. Retrieved July 3, 2012 from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/21924464? dopt=AbstractPlus Mockenhaupt, M. M. (2011). The current understanding of stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.Expert Review of Clinical Immunology,  7(6), 803-13; quiz 814-5. Retrieved June 2 from http://ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/900631464? accountid=10901 Nakajima, S. S. , Watanabe, H. H. , Tohyama, M. M. , Sugita, K. K. , Iijima, M. M. , Hashimoto, K. K. , . . . Kabashima, K. K. (2011). High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) as a novel diagnostic tool for toxic epidermal necrolysis and stevens-johnson syndrome. United States: Retrieved from http://ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. om/docview/893270838? accountid=10901 Paiz, J. M. , Angeli, E. , Wagner, J. , Lawrick, E. , Moore, K. , Anderson, M. , ; Soderlund, L. (2012, May 30). General Format. InThe Purdue Online Writing Lab. Retrieved July 12, 2012, from http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/. Phillips, E. J. E. J. , ; Mallal, S. A. S. A. (2011). HLA-B*1502 screening and toxic effects of carbamazepine. United States: Retrieved from http://ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/884423149? accountid=10901

Fusion Power, can it ever work?

The idea of the power of fusion began towards the beginning of the 20th century and research into it is continuing up until today. On earth it is modelled on the method in which stars obtain their energy, from the fusing of nuclei. As these reactions occur a little mass is lost and this is released as heat. This reaction follows Einstein's most famous formula E = MC2. As the value of mass is multiplied by the speed of light squared, a tiny change in mass results in a massive amount of energy being produced. So far the most effective methods of recreating fusion on earth have been by using large chambers surrounded by electromagnets and by heating the reaction mixture generally hydrogen Introduction We live in a society in which energy, in all its forms, is at a premium. The cost of household electricity does not only hurt your back pocket more every year, but with each kilowatt-hour that is used we are damaging the environment that until now has sustained us. In this modern world it is becoming increasingly important that we find a practical and sustainable new form of energy and soon. One possibility is that we harness the source of energy that has been powering the stars over the aeons, the energy locked away inside hydrogen atoms, the energy known as Fusion Power. Fusion often known as nuclear fusion is defined as â€Å"the union of atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy1†. The important part of this definition is the fact that these unions release energy. The other important facts about fusion are that it uses hydrogen, the most abundant element in our universe and produces the harmless element helium. Therefore no pollution is produced during the process of fusion. History You could say that the history of Nuclear Fusion began with the big bang as in its aftermath matter began to form clumps due to gravitational attraction forming the very first stars the matter of which then began to undergo fusion. However on earth, the history of fusion began in with a number of scientific discoveries near the beginning of the twentieth century. In these years, scientists began to learn more and more about the structure of the atom. This was also the time in which the theory of relativity and the formula E=MC2 was proposed by one Albert Einstein. These discoveries and the war with Germany lead to scientists developing the first Nuclear Fission bombs and later the Hydrogen or Nuclear Fusion bomb. With these scientists began to realise the theoretically massive amounts of energy contained within atoms and began to realise that with proper control these could be harnessed and made to deliver power that could be used to generate electricity ( a good excuse, while also p roviding a source of radioactive matter for bombing far away nations)2. Before it is possible to explain how fusion works is, it is necessary to take a closer look at the atom. The Atom and Matter Before it is possible to explain the mechanism of nuclear fusion, it is necessary to explain the background. The atom as you probably know consists of a nucleus, with a cloud of electrons surrounding it. The nucleus further consists of protons and neutrons. Matter can usually be found in three forms with which people are familiar, these being Solid, Liquid and Gas. However there is a forth form of matter, known to scientists as plasma. Plasma is formed when gases are heated to extremely high temperatures, like those found in the cores of stars. The electrons separate from the protons and neutrons in the gas atoms and the mixture of charged particles move around separately at high speeds forming the plasma. This plasma cannot be maintained by normal chemical reactions, as the amounts of energy they produce are not sufficient instead, the process of fusion occurs. Nuclear Fusion In layman's terms what occurs during fusion is that the nuclei of two hydrogen nuclei are accelerated together with sufficient speed or kinetic energy to overcome the repulsion between the positively charged particles. When the two nuclei touch, the force of gravity takes over and holds them together forming a new nucleolus containing two protons. This means that the nucleus is no longer that of hydrogen but is instead that of helium. During this process a little of the mass of the two hydrogen nuclei will be lost. The great physicist Albert Einstein was mentioned earlier in this document as was his most famous formula E = MC2. The E in this formula stands for energy, while the M stands for mass and the C stands for the speed of light or 3à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½108.This formula shows that there is a direct correlation between energy and mass. As I stated earlier during the fusion of the two hydrogen nuclei a little mass is lost, this is because it is converted into energy. As the formula, shows the amount of mass is multiplied by the speed of light squared or 9à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1016 a massive number. This means that if a tiny amount of mass is lost a massive amount of energy is released, enough to maintain the massive temperatures inside the core of stars. It is this energy that scientists are trying to bring down to earth, in the hope that this will provide a clean energy for future generations. How Fusion is carried out on Earth As you may realise heating hydrogen to temperatures equivalent to those of the core of the sun on earth is a little bit tricky. This is because there are no materials that we have capable of withstanding these temperatures and containing the plasma that would be formed. One way to do this is to surround the hydrogen or lithium hydride with fissionable material and carry out nuclear fission in order to generate heat for the nuclear fusion as is done in Hydrogen bombs. This is however unpractical for the generation of electricity as the power station and the surrounding country would probably no longer exist. So instead physicists have attempted to generate the plasma and use a strong magnetic field to hold it. The plasma itself is heated by a number of powerful lasers, which are able to heat it to near the required temperatures. To date it has however been impossible to sustain this generation of plasma and contain the heat. It has also not been possible to actually generate any energ y from the fusion of the hydrogen atoms.

hra verses Michael Bloomberg

hra verses Michael Bloomberg Free Online Research Papers HRA is a social service city ran organization, which provides various services to over three million New Yorkers. HRA operated under the mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg administration. The mayor is the leader over all of the New York City agencies/government such as the all-public facilities such as social services, teen programs, and adult protective programs for the elderly and children services. Mayor Bloomberg is responsible for making sure policies, governing laws, and services implemented. â€Å"His job is to enforce these laws to the fullest within the city limits: five boroughs’ Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Bronx. â€Å"(NYC.gov. Jan 28). Michael Bloomberg oversees the city’s budget, and civil and non-civil servants employed by the city. Just like many administrations, he appoints department managers/heads and commissioners within these public agencies to oversee the operations. The department heads must also enforce the city and state laws and reports directly to the mayor. What is Michael Bloombergs hidden agenda for the City of New York? HRA (Human Resources Administration) head is commissioner Doar. He is responsible for making sure that the social service programs under his departments are functioning according to the Bloomberg policies and New York City laws. Some of the programs receive both Federal and State funding such as food stamps, and Medicaid programs. Other services provided by HRA are home care, childcare, domestic violence shelters, adult protective agency, temporary assistance, public health insurance, child support enforcement, emergency disaster unit, HEAP, HIV/AIDS and teen pregnancy programs. There are over five thousand offices all throughout the five boroughs of New York, which in addition to the above services also provides job training and placement for families receiving social services. My position with HRA is case worker and union representative for local 307, I basically wear two hats; As a caseworker I work with the Adult Protective Service and my second position Union Rep. I fight for the rights for the workers. Adult protective services assists clients’ age 18-100 yrs old age, which are abused, exploited, neglected and unable to manage their finances. My other role as a Union Representative is to advocate for workers rights, salary increase, and reach equilibrium in the work place. Meet with management to resolve unfair work conditions, try to prevent layoffs, increase overtime, stop pension cuts, and stop the increase in the health benefits co-payments. My position as the Union Representative has been more involved more than ever before due to the recent re-election of the Mayors . The city agency currently employers over sixteen thousand employees under the new administration, Bloomberg. The new administration was one of the changes, which many workers were against. Because not only did he change, the term limits law, in-order to run for a third term in two thousand and nine, which he was successful. He also stole the election and over five hundred civil service workers jobs were in jeopardy. He layer off two hundred and fifty civil servant caseworkers and replaced them with non-servant workers. Who exactly is Michael Bloomberg? Michael Bloomberg was born February 14, 1942 in Medford, Massachusetts. His parents were Russian Jews. As a young boy growing up, he kept to himself and posse’s leadership qualities as an early age. â€Å"If there was one trait that stood out in Mikes childhood, foreshadowing the adult he would become, it was his stubborn insistence on taking charge. Anything that came along, he wanted to do it! Mrs. Bloomberg said, He wanted to be the boss of whatever we were working on. He wanted to run everything.† P. 8 Purnick copyright 2009. He focused on his dream at an early age to make money. His high school girlfriend Sherman Berman recalls him telling her back then â€Å"that it was very important to be successful, that he was going to be successful because once you had a lot of money you could do things to change the world.† (Purnick pg 9) Well improve and change the way Wall Street does business he did. Michael Bloomberg graduated from John Hopkins University, Balt imore Maryland in 1964 with a degree in electrical engineer and went on to Harvard University where he obtained a Master’s degree (MBA) in Business. After graduation, he worked on the trading floor on Wall Street at Salomon investment, as one of the firm’s first Harvard MBA. Bloomberg made his first million at Salomon and changed technology. He knew computers would make the trading easier and faster for the traders. This idea was a mastermind, which evolved and made life easier for the investment world. At an early age Michael Bloomberg was always â€Å"no social reformer, he was in business to make money.† (Purnick, Joyce copyright 2009). In 1992, he appeared in Forbes’s list of the four hundred wealthiest American worth an estimate three hundred and fifty million, two years later his worth five hundred million and one billion in Nineteen hundred and ninety five. He usually gets what he wants because of his wealth and power. A mayor usually serves two terms but he decided to change the term limits so he could serve an additional term .Michael Bloomberg changed the term limits more of a transformational changed, these changes occurred suddenly without any prior notice. He didnt care what the people of New York want he had his own reason and agenda. Once he was re-elected he changed the terms back to two term for any future mayor. He runs the city like he has no care about the poor, or middle class people. He wants to lay off over 10,0000 teachers, get rid of unions, civil servant workers and privitize all public offices. This recent turn of event has created a high turnover rate, has changed the office culture, and changed the office morals. He intend on laying off teachers, fire fighters, cut back on city workers pensions, close nineteen public school buildings replace with charter schools and turnover public land to private industry. The next fiscal year, â€Å"including one point 1.6 billion in spending cuts that may be more severe if the city loses 1.3 billion in anticipated state aid. The mayors plan would balance the two thousand and eleven budget in part by firing eight hundred and thirty four city workers and cutting another three thousand four hundred and three thousand four hundred and fifty two positions by attrition, and compares with city spending of about 63.1 billion for this fiscal period, which goes through June thirty, attrition, not layoffs, would be used to reduce uniformed employees in police, fire, sanitation and corrections, he said.† (Bloomberg, January 28, 2009) Thi s is not a good idea cutting back on uniform workers during an economic crisis is counterproductive. Crime rate increases during these hard times therefore the citizens need police protection more now than before. Decrease of police workers would be detrimental to our city. Bloomberg re-election has created uproar of issues among city employees. Employees are concerned about their jobs. Problem Statement Michael Bloomberg has a reputation of getting what he wants, based upon his history of success and still does. He was always a high achiever. There is nothing wrong with success, but he uses his money and power as a form of control. His mentality portrays a man who does not accept no as a final answer, his demeanor is success at any means necessary. He wanted to extend the time served from two to third term as mayor, which meant changing the term limits to fulfill his agenda, he succeeded in doing such. Other New York City council such as Christine C. Quinn attempted this change prior to him being mayor which Michael Bloomberg fought against this change, He challenged her attempt and stated, â€Å"There is this technical imperfection, if you will, in the existing law that was approved by the public, where in theory the City Council could go and override the wishes of the public, Mr. Michael Bloomberg said at the time. â€Å"I think that should be taken away. (New York City Counci l Oct 12, 2008) He fought against these changes and won. After serving two terms as mayor, he felt two terms were not sufficient time served. Therefore, he was satisfied or he did not finish what he had set out to do. He needed to make more changes as mayor, which required more time. He decided changing the term limits was the only way to finish his hidden agenda for the city. He did not consider the public anymore, but only himself. How selfish was his actions. Many New Yorkers were angry that a billionaire who has everything he needs could just throw his money and power around for his own selfish interest. He used his money to persuade and convince his constituents to vote in his favor for the term limit change. Many New Yorkers came out to protest in front of city hall to prevent the overturn of the term limits law from two to three terms. He did not hear or want to hear our voices. He disregarded us as if we were not a part of the equation. He has no respect for people , most p eople were not complaining about the mayors two term performance, which, in fact, many had approved, but once he refuses to slow the public to vote on the term changed, this angered many New Yorkers. He lost our respect and support as mayor. Another issue we have is regarding his one dollar a year salary. Research Papers on hra verses Michael BloombergTwilight of the UAWInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office SystemCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on Children

Soweto Student Uprising - 16 June, 1976

Soweto Student Uprising - 16 June, 1976 When high-school students in Soweto started protesting for better education on 16 June 1976, police responded with teargas and live bullets. It is commemorated today by a South African national holiday, Youth day, which honors all the young people who lost their lives in the struggle against Apartheid and Bantu Education.   In 1953 the Apartheid Government enacted The Bantu Education Act, which established a Black Education Department in the Department of Native Affairs. The role of this department was to compile a curriculum that suited the nature and requirements of the black people. The author of the legislation, Dr Hendrik Verwoerd (then Minister of Native Affairs, later Prime Minister), stated: Natives [blacks] must be taught from an early age that equality with Europeans [whites] is not for them. Black people were not to receive an education that would lead them to aspire to positions they wouldnt be allowed to hold in society. Instead they were to receive education designed to provide them with skills to serve their own people in the homelands or to work in laboring jobs under whites. Bantu Education did enable more children in Soweto to attend school than the old missionary system of education, but there was a severe lack of facilities. Nationally public to teacher ratios went up from 46:1 in 1955 to 58:1 in 1967. Overcrowded classrooms were used on a rota basis. There was also a lack of teachers, and many of those who did teach were underqualified. In 1961, only 10 per cent of black teachers held a matriculation certificate [last year of high school]. Because of the governments homelands policy, no new high schools were built in Soweto between 1962 and 1971 students were meant to move to their relevant homeland to attend the newly built schools there. Then in 1972 the government gave in to pressure from business to improve the Bantu Education system to meet businesss need for a better trained black workforce. 40 new schools were built in Soweto. Between 1972 and 1976 the number of pupils at secondary schools increased from 12,656 to 34,656. One in five Soweto children were attending secondary school. This increase in secondary school attendance had a significant effect on youth culture. Previously, many young people spent the time between leaving primary school and obtaining a job (if they were lucky) in gangs, which generally lacked any political consciousness. But now secondary school students were forming their own, much more politicized identity. Clashes between gangs and students only furthered the sense of student solidarity. In 1975 South Africa entered a period of economic depression. Schools were starved of funds the government spent R644 a year on a white childs education but only R42 on a black child. The Department of Bantu Education then announced it was removing the Standard 6 year from primary schools. Previously, in order to progress to Form 1 of secondary school, a pupil had to obtain a first or second-degree pass in Standard 6. Now the majority of pupils could proceed to secondary school. In 1976, 257,505 pupils enrolled in Form 1, but there was space for only 38,000. Many of the students therefore remained at primary school. Chaos ensued. The African Students Movement, founded in 1968 to voice student grievances, changed its name in January 1972 to the South African Students Movement (SASM) and pledged itself to building a national movement of high school students who would work with the Black Consciousness (BC) organization at black universities, the South African Students Organisation (SASO). This link with BC philosophies is significant as it gave students an appreciation for themselves as black people and helped politicize students. So when the Department of Education issued its decree that Afrikaans was to become a language of instruction at school, it was into an already volatile situation. Students objected to being taught in the language of the oppressor. Many teachers themselves could not speak Afrikaans, but were now required to teach their subjects in it. Part 2: Students organize a protest For more on the 2015 commeorations see:  16 June 2015,  Day of the African Child This article, June 16th Student Uprising (http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/Soweto-Uprising-Pt1.htm), is an updated version of the article which first appeared on About.com on 8 June 2001.

Rising gas prices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rising gas prices - Research Paper Example ed April 19, 2012 entitled â€Å"More Gas Price Cuts Likely Soon†, gas prices appear to have peaked and are likely to head lower in the coming weeks, supported by gasoline futures dropping four days in a arrow and a slight decline in pump prices in the past couple of weeks. Overall, the increase in gas prices may decrease consumer spending and gross domestic production but through technology, we may revert to substitutes that lessen our gas consumption. The effect of gas prices, from fundamental microeconomic analysis follows assumptions on the demand for gas, both in the short run and in the long run. One of the assumptions about the demand for gas is that it may be price elastic in the long run but may be very inelastic in the short run, as people take time to for change their consumption habits (Pindyck and Rubinfeld 2005). When gas prices increase, in the short run, quantity demanded will fall only gradually as motorists and drivers may begin to use their vehicles less. In addition to this, the demand for gas is very much linked to the usage of cars and transportation, and it is not so easy to simply change from driving your car to work to using a bicycle. This is not to mention that almost all transport vehicles including trains and ships use some form of petroleum and gas, hence either the producer of a good or service or the customer will most likely take in the increase of gas prices. In essence, this leads to either lower production to reduce costs of firms, or lower consumer spending, to save up money for gas (Pindyck and Rubinfeld 2005). While in the short run, an increase in the price of gasoline has only a small effect in the quantity of gasoline demanded, in the long run, various changes in the transportation may lead to less demand for gas, thus making its demand elastic. Technology in general may shift to more fuel-efficient vehicles, thus consumer spending comes back to its natural level. Historically, this assumption has been supported by the